Theoretical Framework Model

The Capstone Project aims to assess the effectiveness of pico laser treatment, a second-line treatment, in reducing hyperpigmentation in women with melasma in comparison to first-line treatments, specifically topical hydroquinone. The Biopsychosocial Model is selected as the theoretical framework upon which the project is founded. This article presents a discussion of the theoretical framework for the capstone project. It presents how the selected theoretical model aligns with the project, the components of the model, specific research approaches appropriate for use with the theoretical model, and how the theoretical framework will be used to evaluate the program/project.

Aligning Theoretical Model to the Capstone Project

The Biopsychosocial Model aligns well with the capstone project as the key features of the model take into account the various factors that contribute to the development of diseases, including biological, psychological, and social factors (Roberts, 2023). The biological component of the biopsychosocial model addresses the physical factors of disease development, such as genetic predisposition, pathophysiologic changes, and related lifestyle factors. The psychological component of the model explains the various psychological factors of disease, such as attitudes, beliefs, coping mechanisms, emotions, coping strategies, and the impact of disease on such psychological factors (Roberts, 2023). On the other hand, the social component takes into account the social and environmental factors such as culture, risk exposure, social views, and support (Gatchel et al., 2020). These model components align with the capstone project and will guide the implementation of the pico laser treatment targeting both the biological, social, behavioral, and psychological factors of melasma to ensure the intervention’s effectiveness in reducing pigmentation.

Research Approaches Appropriate for Use with the Theoretical Model

The Biopsychosocial Model lends itself to both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Therefore, a mixed methods approach would be the most appropriate for its application in the capstone project. Most of the previous research in disease and health conditions management employing the biopsychosocial model utilized a combination of quantitative and qualitative research elements. For instance, Xiao et al. (2021) in an analysis of real-life applications of the biopsychosocial model presents evidence that a combination of both quantitative methods during the implementation of the model improve therapeutic success of treatment as it captures both nature of the condition, the intervention, and patient experiences with treatment. Bolton (2023) in an analysis of the model states that it presents high levels of interdisciplinarity which require an integration diverse themes and questions on the biological and social impacting on health and disease.

The quantitative methods that would be most appropriate for use with the model in assessing the effectiveness of pico laser therapy as a treatment modality for pigmentation in women with melasma include pre-tests, post-tests and questionnaires. Pre- and post-tests highlight any notable reductions in pigmentation, while questionnaires objectively measure psychological factors and patient views associated with melasma and the use of laser therapy. The qualitative methods include interviews and case studies to create an in-depth understanding of the individual patient’s views and experiences on and with the use of laser therapy in managing pigmentary disorders.

Use of the Theoretical Framework to Evaluate the Capstone Project

The biopsychosocial model can be used to effectively evaluate the capstone project in terms of the effectiveness of pico laser therapy. All aspects of the model work well with this project, from understanding of the condition to patient views on the condition and laser as a treatment method. The model identifies illness as a result of dynamic interactions between multiple factors, including biological, physical, psychological, and social environmental factors (Roberts, 2023); From a philosophical perspective, the biopsychosocial model helps practitioners understand how disease development, suffering, and views of disease are influenced by an integration of multiple factors including biological, psychological, and social factors (Maung, 2021). Additionally, the model can help evaluate the project as presented by Bolton & Gillett (2019); the biopsychosocial model can help differentiate whether a condition is a medical matter or a result of a lifestyle choice and social views, including stigma. Therefore, the model can help evaluate whether the use of pico therapy treatment is effective in reducing pigmentation in women with melasma across all aspects of the disorder, including the biological and environmental factors, as well as the subjective experiences of individual patients.

Conclusion

The Biopsychosocial Model aligns well with the capstone project on assessing the effectiveness of pico laser treatment for pigmentation in women with melasma. It supports analysis of the effectiveness of the treatment method in addressing the biological, psychological, and social-environmental aspects of melasma. It also provides an opportunity to design the project in a manner that helps address the physical, psychological, and social concerns of the patients with melasma. Hence, it will ensure that the project provides holistic care to the patient involved.

References

Bolton, D. (2023). A revitalized biopsychosocial model: core theory, research paradigms, and clinical implications. Psychological Medicine, 53(16), 7504. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291723002660

Bolton, D., & Gillett, G. (2019). Biopsychosocial Conditions of Health and Disease. The Biopsychosocial Model of Health and Disease, 109–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11899-0_4

Gatchel, R. J., Ray, C. T., Kishino, N., & Brindle, A. (2020). The Biopsychosocial Model. The Wiley Encyclopedia of Health Psychology, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119057840.CH182

Maung, H. H. (2021). Causation and Causal Selection in the Biopsychosocial Model of Health and Disease. European Journal of Analytic Philosophy, 17(2), M5-27. https://doi.org/10.31820/EJAP.17.2.6

Roberts, A. (2023). The biopsychosocial model: Its use and abuse. Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy, 26(3), 367–384. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11019-023-10150-2/FIGURES/1

Xiao, X., Song, H., Sang, T., Wu, Z., Xie, Y., & Yang, Q. (2021). Analysis of Real-World Implementation of the Biopsychosocial Approach to Healthcare: Evidence From a Combination of Qualitative and Quantitative Methods. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 725596. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYT.2021.725596

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Week 2: Assignment – Theoretical Model Framework

CAPSTONE PROJECT:

In women with melasma (P), how effective is pico laser treatment (I) compared to topical hydroquinone (C) in reducing hyperpigmentation (O) over 6 months (T)?

Assignment Prompt

Select the specific theoretical framework that you will use with your project (education, leadership or FNP). Describe how the theory that you chose aligns with your capstone project. Include the following information:

Theoretical Framework Model

Describe the key features of the selected theoretical framework/model. What are its major components?

• Identify specific research approaches appropriate for use with the theoretical model or framework and how it fits with your intended project.
  • Does the model lend itself to quantitative or qualitative methods or both?
  • What kind of quantitative/qualitative methods would be most appropriate? (Focus groups, interviews, pre/post-tests, record review, survey, etc.)
• Describe how the theoretical framework might be used to evaluate the program/project and critique how well the model fits the program or project.
  • What aspects of the model works well and what aspects do not?
  • Why?
• Length: 2-3 pages  not including references (PLEASE DO NOT EXCEED MORE THAN 3 PAGES)
• Citations: Scholarly reference(s) from within the last 5 years.
• Format: APA 7th ed.
• Use the title “Theoretical Model Framework.”

NOTE: Please do not use possessive adjective such as “my” in a formal APA 7th ed. writing.