Population Genetics Activity

Population Genetics Activity

1. Question 1

Genetic drift

2. Question 2

10 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 0.5

Frequency of black beetles = 0.5

3. Question 3

12 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 0.6

Frequency of black beetles = 0.6

4. Question 4

12 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 0.6

Frequency of black beetles = 0.6

5. Question 5

10 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 0.5

Frequency of black beetles = 0.5

6. Question 6

8 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 0.4

Frequency of black beetles = 0.4

7. Question 7

12 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 0.6

Frequency of black beetles = 0.6

8. Question 8

16 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 0.8

Frequency of black beetles = 0.8

9. Question 9

18 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 0.9

Frequency of black beetles = 0.9

10. Question 10

16 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 0.8

Frequency of black beetles = 0.8

11. Question 11

14 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 0.7

Frequency of black beetles = 0.7

12. Question 12

8 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 0.4

Frequency of black beetles = 0.4

13. Question 13

8 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 0.4

Frequency of black beetles = 0.4

14. Question 14

10 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 0.5

Frequency of black beetles = 0.5

15. Question 15

6 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 0.3

Frequency of black beetles = 0.3

16. Question 16

4 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 0.2

Frequency of black beetles = 0.2

17. Question 17

4 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 0.2

Frequency of black beetles = 0.2

18. Question 18

6 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 0.3

Frequency of black beetles = 0.3

19. Question 19

2 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 0.1

Frequency of black beetles = 0.1

20. Question 20

0 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 0

Frequency of black beetles = 0

21. Question 21

0 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 0

Frequency of black beetles = 0

22. Question 22

The allele frequency of the black beetles increased steadily from generation 1 (0.5) to generation 8 (0.9), though the frequency had decreased during generation 5 (0.4). This was then followed by a rapid decrease in allele frequency from 0.9 to 0. Given that the hawk eats the green and black beetles at random, the force of evolution most likely in this scenario is genetic drift. Besides, genetic drift involves changes in allele frequencies from generation to generation through random sampling. Therefore, by chance, more green beetles can escape being eaten by the hawk, meaning the allele frequency of the black beetles will decrease progressively across various generations.

23. Question 23

10 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 0.5

Frequency of black beetles = 0.5

24. Question 24

10 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 0.5

Frequency of black beetles = 0.5

25. Question 25

8 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 0.4

Frequency of black beetles = 0.4

26. Question 26

4 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 0.2

Frequency of black beetles = 0.2

27. Question 27

4 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 0.2

Frequency of black beetles = 0.2

28. Question 28

6 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 0.3

Frequency of black beetles = 0.3

29. Question 29

6 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 0.3

Frequency of black beetles = 0.3

30. Question 30

4 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 0.2

Frequency of black beetles = 0.2

31. Question 31

2 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 0.1

Frequency of black beetles = 0.1

32. Question 32

0 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 0

Frequency of black beetles = 0

33. Question 33

The environment negatively impacted the frequency of the black beetles. The environment is a dense jungle with green plants, giving the green beetles a camouflage advantage but making it easy for the hawk to see and eat black beetles. As a result, the frequency of the black beetles decreased rapidly across the generations, eventually reaching a frequency of 0.

34. Question 34

12 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 0.6

Frequency of black beetles = 0.6

35. Question 35

12 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 0.6

Frequency of black beetles = 0.6

36. Question 36

14 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 0.7

Frequency of black beetles = 0.7

37. Question 37

16 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 0.8

Frequency of black beetles = 0.8

38. Question 38

20 black beetles / 20 total beetles = 1

Frequency of black beetles = 1

39. Question 39

The environment positively impacted the frequency of the black beetles. The environment is muddy, giving it a dark background that makes it hard for the birds to see and eat black beetles. As a result, the frequency of the black beetles increased steadily throughout the five generations, reaching a frequency of 1.

40. Question 40

Gene flow

Mutation

41. Question 41

Natural selection

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