Global Health Comparison Grid Template
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Use this document to complete the Module 6 Assessment Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement.
| Global Healthcare Issue |
Infectious disease and global pandemics |
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| Description |
Infectious diseases are diseases caused by and transmitted by organisms. Viruses and bacteria are the most implicated microorganisms. These diseases have brought considerable public health problems in many regions around the globe and have been the cause of major pandemics that have troubled the world’s security. Coronavirus is the most recent infectious organism that has troubled the world. It is responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic that has brought significant economic predicaments in most countries worldwide.
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| Country | United States
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Mexico |
| Describe the policy in each country related to the identified healthcare issue. | Various policies have been established in the U.S. to prevent and combat various infectious diseases and global pandemics. The coronavirus relief fund bill and the American rescue plan were policies that were targeted at availing resources necessary for ramping up vaccine production, screening, testing for COVID-19, and contact tracing to minimize the spread of coronavirus. Mask mandates were also passed at the federal level and in some states to enable the spread of the virus during the COVID-19 pandemic. With the development of a vaccine against Covid 19, federal mandates have been made to ensure people get vaccinated (Chernozhukov et al., 2021). All these efforts aim to stop the virus spread, minimize its health effects, and end the pandemic. | The government has instituted policies to minimize the spread of infectious diseases. Just like in the U.S., travel restrictions, social distancing and mask mandates have been made. As evident during the Covid 19 pandemic, the Mexican government directed the closure of schools and allocated resources towards improving the healthcare sector within the country. These measures enhance responsiveness towards the pandemic and can save many lives.
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| What are the strengths of this policy? | Policies such as social distancing, mask-wearing, and travel restrictions are very significant in cutting transmission chains during the early phases of the pandemic. Additionally, policies on resource allocation to healthcare are essential in enhancing their responsiveness to the pandemic. Significant proportions of these resources are utilized in vaccine production and administration and thus form important tools for fighting these global threats.
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Social distancing, mask-wearing, and travel restrictions have also been used by the Mexican government and are significant in cutting transmission chains during the early phases of the pandemic. Policies on resource allocation to healthcare were essential in enhancing their responsiveness to the pandemic. This also enhanced access to healthcare among the Mexican population in remote rural areas. |
| What are the weaknesses of this policy? | Mask mandates, social distancing, and a ban on public gatherings in the U.S. have not been adopted in some states. This remains an enabling factor for the spread of infectious diseases, as evident in the ongoing pandemic.
Policies on travel restrictions between the two countries were also not adequately observed due to the porosity of some parts of the southern borders. These weaknesses may have been implicating factors in the spread of the virus.
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Mask mandates, social distancing, and a ban on public gatherings in Mexico have not been adequately implemented. As evident in the ongoing global pandemic, some proportion of the population remains non-adherent to these policy provisions and has thus contributed to the spread of these infectious diseases. Policies on economic lockdowns have contributed to the rise in poverty levels. Policies on cross-border travel restrictions between the two countries were also not adequately observed due to the porosity of some parts of the southern borders. These weaknesses may have been implicating factors in the spread of the virus. |
| Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the specified global health issue. (Be specific and provide examples)
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Social determinants of health are targeted at creating a social and physical environment that promotes healthy societies. The provisions are aimed at instituting measures that will enable the prevention and curtailment of pandemics and infectious disease outbreaks to promote healthy living (Adler et al., 2016). Health and healthcare and economic and education domains described in this provision will enable societies to embrace protective mechanisms such as vaccinations, hygiene maintenance, understanding of disease processes, and adherence to public health guidelines targeted at promoting health. In the U.S., literacy levels are relatively high. Their healthcare system is expansive and with the majority of their citizens having access to healthcare services. All these factors contribute to their better responsiveness to pandemics and infectious diseases. | In Mexico, literacy levels are not as high as in the U.S. Additionally, access to healthcare is relatively lower in some proportion of the population. Rural parts of the country have poor access to basic healthcare due to these regions’ sparse distribution of healthcare facilities. Poverty is also a challenge in this country. These factors decrease their responsiveness towards infectious diseases and have been implicated in higher morbidity and mortality in the wake of global pandemics, as evident in the ongoing Covid 19 pandemic. |
| How has each country’s government addressed cost, quality, and access to the selected global health issue? | In the U.S., significant government resource allocations are channelled towards making healthcare services available to those who need them. Access to healthcare has been an ongoing discussion in the U.S. for a long time. Various policies targeted at enhancing access to healthcare have been formulated, with the highlighted policy being the Medicare and Medicaid policy provisions. Significant healthcare cost reductions have been realized in the U.S. from individual citizens’ points of view, as evident in free screening, testing, and vaccinations in the face of a pandemic. Quality of care provision has also been enhanced through increased federal funding to address staff shortages and avail the necessary infrastructure.
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Mexico also channels significant proportions of resources towards healthcare. These resources are targeted at increasing insurance coverage among the Mexicans as well as enhancing access to healthcare. The overall effect is evident in the improved quality of healthcare provision. Just like in the U.S., significant healthcare cost reductions have been realized in Mexico from individual citizens’ points of view, as evident in free screening, testing, and vaccinations in the face of a pandemic. |
| How has the identified health policy impacted the health of the global population? (Be specific and provide examples) |
Policies such as resource allocations to healthcare confer considerable benefits to societies as well as the entire globe. Enhanced resource allocation enables the recruitment of more healthcare providers, therefore, improving the provider to patient ratio. Resource allocation also enables the purchase of equipment necessary for diagnosing and treating various diseases, thus enhancing the overall clinical outcomes. All these factors further enhance global health by ensuring healthier communities.
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| Describe the potential impact of the identified health policy on the nurse’s role in each country. |
Nursing, being the cornerstone of healthcare provision, may benefit considerably as resource allocation to the healthcare system will enable the recruitment of more nurses and also enhance their working environments. This will increase their work satisfaction and enable them to offer quality nursing services.
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| Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. (Be specific and provide examples) |
Infectious diseases and pandemics disrupt both the socioeconomic and political activities of any country. However, coping mechanisms are often developed to enhance responsiveness to these stressors. These governments often develop various policies to enhance this responsiveness. As evident in both the U.S. and Mexico, various policies were established in the wake of the Covid 19 pandemic that enabled them to control their outbreaks and work towards the resumption of normalcy. Various organizations in these countries have immensely contributed to these policy designs and reviews. Organizations such as the American Nurses Association have been on the front foot in channelling the welfare of nurses in the wake of this pandemic. |
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| General Notes/Comments | Similarities exist in both countries’ preparedness and mitigation strategies to combat infectious diseases. However, their capacities to avert such global threats vary considerably due to their economic capabilities. The U.S. is more economically endowed and is, therefore, able to adequately mobilize resources utilizable in this course. Infectious diseases and pandemics present considerable difficulties to all nationalities, irrespective of their economic capabilities. The result is often evident in economic disruptions, rise in poverty levels, and the collapse of healthcare systems, among others. The success of any country will be dependent on how well they cope with the complexities presented by these global threats.
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References
Adler, N., Glymour, M., & Fielding, J. (2016). Addressing Social Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities. JAMA, 316(16), 1641. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.14058
Chernozhukov, V., Kasahara, H., & Schrimpf, P. (2021). The causal impact of masks, policies, and behaviour on the early covid-19 pandemic in the U.S. Journal Of Econometrics, 220(1), 23-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/
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Question 
If you talk about a possible poor health outcome, do you believe that outcome will occur? Do you believe eye contact and personal contact should be avoided?
You would have difficulty practising as a nurse if you believed these to be true, but they are very real beliefs in some cultures.
Global Health Comparison Grid Template
Differences in cultural beliefs, subcultures, religion, ethnic customs, dietary customs, language, and other factors contribute to the complex environment surrounding global healthcare issues. Failure to understand and account for these differences can create a gulf between practitioners and the public they serve.
In this Assignment, you will examine a global health issue and consider the approaches taken by the United States and one other country to it.
To Prepare:
Review the World Health Organization’s (WHO) global health agenda and select one global health issue to focus on for this Assignment.
Select at least one additional country to compare to the U.S. for this Assignment.
Reflect on how the global health issue you selected is approached in the U.S. and the other country you selected.
Review and download the Global Health Comparison Matrix provided in the Resources.
The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Global Health Comparison Matrix; 1-page Plan for Social Change)
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