Final Project Milestone Two – Research and Clinical Formulation
Several considerations need to be made to properly assess and practice in a non-ethical manner the psychological profile of Ms. Z with the help of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory – 2 (MMPI-2).
Test One: WAIS-IV Analysis
The WAIS-IV shows that Ms. Z’s Full-Scale IQ is 102, which is in average range. Verbal Comprehension and Perceptual Reasoning scores are also right on par with expectations for average learners. However, she got 92 in Working Memory, which may indicate some form of learning disability.
Cultural Concerns
Taking into account the mentioned factors such as Ms. Z’s background, socioeconomic status, and education level is important. These aspects may affect her cognitive abilities, and this should be taken into account to eliminate any bias in testing assumptions (Langensee et al., 2024).
Ethical Issues
From an ethical perspective, the use of WAIS-IV involves avoiding biased test administration and appropriate usage of the results in Ms. Z’s educational and vocational processes by ethical principles (Resnik, 2020).
Interpreting and Communicating Results
Based on the WAIS-IV raw scores converted to scaled scores and percentile ranks, it is recommended to identify Ms. Z’s cognitive assets and weaknesses, which is imperative when considering interventions and support planning.
Test Two: MMPI-2 Analysis
Cut Scores
The MMPI-2 reveals clinically elevated levels of Depression (112) and Hysteria (87), suggesting notable psychological dysfunction that should not be ignored.
Cultural Concerns
Knowledge of cultural issues, like prejudice against mental disorders in the black population in America, is crucial for proper MMPI-2 administration and subsequent assessment (Ahad et al., 2023).
Ethical Issues
Confidentiality and the use of MMPI-2 in enhancing Ms. Z’s mental health without compromising on stigma is a major ethical issue.
Interpreting and Communicating Results
Proper use of MMPI-2 confirms the reality of severe depression and emphasizes the necessity of unconventional, personalized interventions, which include psychological and vocational goals (Floyd & Gupta, 2022).
Clinical Formulation
Analysis of the Test Results Using Industry-Standard Tools
The results of the tests obtained in the WAIS-IV and MMPI-2 were analyzed using standard computer-assisted interpretative systems to assess Ms. Z’s cognitive and psychological state. Following the standard scoring procedures of the WAIS-IV, the interpretation of her profile was arrived at in a very reliable manner. The clinical scales and corresponding cut-off scores of the MMPI-2 were used in measuring the areas of concern as pointed out in the test.
Diagnosis Based on the Data Provided
Based on the results of this specific test, it is determined that the client has severe depression according to the Depression (112) and Hysteria (87) scales of MMPI-2 and potentially a psychotic disorder. This diagnosis is supported by significant elevations in MMPI-2 scales related to Depression, Hysteria, and Schizophrenia. The justification for this diagnosis is based on the fact that Ms. Z had a high score in this domain, and her score is significantly higher than the cut-off score that defines clinical relevance. In addition, the reported symptoms and how they interfered with her daily living are also characteristic of this diagnosis.
Interpretation of the Psychometric Data from the Test Results
Analyzing the psychometric data of the test results demonstrates how severe Ms. Z’s psychological state is. More specifically, the WAIS-IV findings point towards average general ability accompanied by impaired working memory index, whereas the MMPI-2 results indicate an increased level of psychological distress. Symptoms likely include persistent sadness, fatigue, social withdrawal, cognitive disruptions, and possible perceptual abnormalities such as hallucinations or delusions. This interpretation indicates that proper management of her mental status and her education and vocational needs requires individualization. These global assessments taking into consideration the ethical and cultural factors can be a good guide for the formulation of the clinical plan which will take into consideration every aspect of Ms. Z’s life and future dreams.
References
Ahad, A. A., Sanchez-Gonzalez, M., & Junquera, P. (2023). Understanding and Addressing Mental Health Stigma across Cultures for Improving Psychiatric Care: a Narrative Review. Cureus, 15(5). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.39549
Floyd, A. E., & Gupta, V. (2022, April 28). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. PubMed; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557525/
Langensee, L., Rumetshofer, T., & Mårtensson, J. (2024). The interplay of socioeconomic status, cognition, and school performance in the ABCD sample. Npj Science of Learning, 9(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-024-00233-x
Resnik, D. B. (2020, December 23). What is ethics in research & why is it important? National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/
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Research
Identify the Problem: Clearly define the specific clinical problem you are addressing in your project. This could be a disorder, a specific symptom, or a population facing a particular health challenge.
Literature Review: Conduct a thorough literature review to gather relevant information about the chosen problem. Utilize credible sources such as academic journals, peer-reviewed articles, and reputable websites of healthcare organizations.
Final Project Milestone Two – Research and Clinical Formulation
Search engines like Google Scholar or PubMed can help find relevant research.
Focus on recent publications (within the last 5-10 years) to ensure you have access to the latest findings.
Key Areas of Research:
Etiology: Explore the causes and risk factors associated with the clinical problem.
Assessment: Identify common assessment tools and techniques used to diagnose or evaluate the problem.
Treatment: Research evidence-based treatment approaches for the problem. Consider different treatment modalities (e.g., medication, therapy, lifestyle changes).
Prognosis: Investigate the expected course of the problem and potential outcomes with and without treatment.
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