EVIDENCE-BASED PROJECT, PART 3- CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF RESEARCH

Evaluation Table

Full APA formatted citation of selected article.	Article #1	Article #2	Article #3	Article #4
Full APA formatted citation of selected article.	Pedersen, E. R., & Sudzina, F. (2023). Relationship between citizens’ perspective on digital health and underlying health risks. DIGITAL HEALTH, 9. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076231191045	Senteio C, Murdock PJ. The efficacy of Health Information Technology in supporting health equity for black and Hispanic patients with chronic diseases: Systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2022;24(4). doi:10.2196/22124	Liu, P. L., Ye, J. F., Ao, H. S., Sun, S., Zheng, Y., Li, Q., Feng, G. C., Wang, H., & Zhao, X. (2023). Effects of electronic personal health information technology on American Women’s cancer screening behaviors mediated through cancer worry: Differences and similarities between 2017 and 2020. DIGITAL HEALTH, 9. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076231185271	Samal, L., Fu, H. N., Camara, D. S., Wang, J., Bierman, A. S., & Dorr, D. A. (2021). Health information technology to improve care for people with multiple chronic conditions. Health Services Research, 56(S1), 1006–1036. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13860
Evidence Level * (I, II, or III)	Level I	Level I	Level I	Level III
Conceptual Framework Describe the theoretical basis for the study (If there is not one mentioned in the article, say that here).**	The growing relevance of digital health systems has warranted discussions on their integration into conventional care systems. There is, however, little information on their alignment with the user’s needs.	The persistence of health inequities in chronic disease care continues to jeopardize efforts toward bettering community health. Health information technologies can be used for health promotion among groups affected by traditional inequities.	This study investigates the relationship between electronic personal health information use and cancer screening behaviors among American women and further examines its role in cancer worry.	Chronic illnesses remain a global health concern. Care gaps in chronic care remain a reason for poor outcomes. Integration of health information technologies in chronic care may help improve the clinical outcomes of patients with chronic illnesses.
Design/Method Describe the design and how the study was carried out (In detail, including inclusion/exclusion criteria).	This is a quantitative study. The inclusion of criteria was the presence of at least one chronic illness. Persons with no history of a chronic illness were excluded from the study.	A Systematic review. The paper reviews articles that discuss consumer-oriented HIT designed to support self-management.	Secondary analysis of nationally presented survey data obtained from the health information national trends survey.	A Systematic review. The paper reviewed articles on HIT interventions aiming to improve chronic care.
Sample/Setting The number and characteristics of patients, attrition rate, etc.	The sample size was 4022. Males accounted for 48% of the total participants. They were of mixed ages.	27 articles were reviewed. The mean sample size was 640, consisting of African American and Hispanic participants.	Data was obtained from national trend surveys. This national cross-sectional survey by the National Cancer Institute documents Americans’ behavior and information use.	44 articles were reviewed. The articles selected met the inclusion criteria for relevance and timeliness. Outdated articles were excluded.
Major Variables Studied List and define dependent and independent variables	Dependent variable: HIT Independent variable: Perception of different HIT.	Dependent variable: HIT Independent variable: Health equity	Dependent variable: HIT Independent variable: Electronic personal health information use behavior.	Dependent variable: HIT Independent variable: Clinical outcomes
Measurement Identify primary statistics used to answer clinical questions (You need to list the actual tests done).	The study measured the user’s perspectives on digital health solutions using an online survey.	The study measured the efficacy of health information technologies in supporting recommended self-management behaviors among Hispanics and African Americans. The self-management behaviors measured include medication adherence, physical activity, and dietary behavior.	The research measured ePHI use and cancer worry among ePHI users.	The research measured self-management support, health service utilization, and quality of life parameters for patients with chronic illnesses using HIT.
Data Analysis Statistical or Qualitative findings (You need to enter the actual numbers determined by the statistical tests or qualitative data).	Participants were found to be concerned by the data shared through digital applications. The acceptability rate for various digital solutions was over 70%, with higher acceptability noted in younger populations.	The chronic diseases included in the study were hypertension, diabetes, and heart failure. Increases in medication adherence, improved dietary behavior, and improvements in physical activity were noted in patient populations that utilized HIT.	The use of ePHI was found to have grown considerably, and so was cancer worry and, subsequently, cancer screening behaviors.	The use of IT solutions in chronic care considerably improved the quality of life for patients with chronic illnesses.
Findings and Recommendations General findings and recommendations of the research	Designing digital solutions that are acceptable to the users is key.	The study detailed the capability of HIT in bridging care gaps for ethnic minority groups in chronic care. Integrating these technologies into mainstream care is necessary to improve community health and chronic care.	There was a positive association between ePHI use and cancer screening. This further informs the need to integrate HIT into conventional care.	Health IT solutions help in bridging care gaps apparent in chronic care.
*Appraisal and Study Quality* Describe the general worth of this research to practice. What are the strengths and limitations of the study? What are the risks associated with the implementation of the suggested practices or processes detailed in the research? What is the feasibility of use in your practice?	The research details improvement areas in the use of digital health solutions. Strengths: The study uses a large sample size, making it easier to generalize findings. Limitations: The scale used in measuring the perception of digital technologies is not universal and may not apply to some stakeholders. Implementing the recommendations from the article may have some financial and time risks. The recommendations and findings can be used effectively in my area of practice.	The research informs quality improvement in chronic care. It reaffirms the applicability of HIT in conventional chronic care. The strength of the paper is that it is a systematic review that utilizes randomized studies and is thus accurate. Limitations: The study is narrow in scope as it only captured the health promotion aspects of the two groups. Implementing the study recommendations is funds intensive. The findings can, however, be used in my practice as it only required capacity development.	The research maintains relevance in informing cancer prevention initiatives. Strength: The research is quantitative, utilizing a large sample size that allows for generalization. Limitation: The author utilizes cross-sectional data from HINTS. This may lower the possibility of observing causal relationships. The possible associated risks when implementing the author’s recommendations are financial and time risks. The author’s recommendations can be safely implemented in my area of practice.	The research informs the need for integrating HIT in chronic care. Strengths: The study is a systematic review with a high level of evidence. Limitations: The author failed to assess the studies used in the review. Financial risks may be involved when implementing the author’s recommendations. The article’s recommendations can be implemented effortlessly in my area of practice.
Key findings	Aligning the design of various HITs with the user’s preferences is key.	HIT can be used to improve chronic care.	Integrating HIT in conventional care may have an impact on preventive health.	HIT remains essential in bridging apparent care gaps in chronic care.
Outcomes	Digital health solutions are important in bridging apparent gaps in chronic care.	HIT use in chronic illnesses improves the self-management skills of patients with chronic illnesses.	Implementing the author’s recommendation may have a positive impact on cancer screening for women.	HIT can be used to improve the clinical outcomes for patients with chronic illnesses.
General Notes/Comments	A point of consideration during the design of digital health solutions is their useability.	There is a need to integrate HIT in chronic care.	The significance of various digital solutions in healthcare warrants their integration into mainstream care operationalizations.	There is a need to integrate HIT in chronic care.

References

Liu, P. L., Ye, J. F., Ao, H. S., Sun, S., Zheng, Y., Li, Q., Feng, G. C., Wang, H., & Zhao, X. (2023). Effects of electronic personal health information technology on American Women’s cancer screening behaviors mediated through cancer worry: Differences and similarities between 2017 and 2020. DIGITAL HEALTH, 9. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076231185271

Pedersen, E. R., & Sudzina, F. (2023). Relationship between citizens’ perspective on digital health and underlying health risks. DIGITAL HEALTH, 9. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076231191045

Samal, L., Fu, H. N., Camara, D. S., Wang, J., Bierman, A. S., & Dorr, D. A. (2021). Health information technology to improve care for people with multiple chronic conditions. Health Services Research, 56(S1), 1006–1036. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13860

Senteio, C., & Murdock, P. J. (2022). The efficacy of Health Information Technology in supporting health equity for black and Hispanic patients with chronic diseases: Systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 24(4). https://doi.org/10.2196/22124

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Question

Part 3A: Critical Appraisal of Research

Conduct a critical appraisal of the four peer-reviewed articles you selected by completing the Evaluation Table within the Critical Appraisal Tool Worksheet Template. Choose a total of four peer-reviewed articles that you selected related to your clinical topic of interest in Module 2 and Module 3.

EVIDENCE-BASED PROJECT, PART 3- CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF RESEARCH

Note: You can choose any combination of articles from Modules 2 and 3 for your Critical Appraisal. For example, you may choose two unfiltered research articles from Module 2 and two filtered research articles (systematic reviews) from Module 3 or one article from Module 2 and three articles from Module 3. You can choose any combination of articles from the prior Module Assignments as long as both modules and types of studies are represented.

Part 3B: Critical Appraisal of Research

Based on your appraisal, in a 1-2-page critical appraisal, suggest a best practice that emerges from the research you reviewed. Briefly explain the best practice, justifying your proposal with APA citations of the research.

EVIDENCE-BASED PROJECT, PART 3- CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF RESEARCH