Annotated Bibliography- Chronic and Life-Threatening Illnesses

Annotated Bibliography- Chronic and Life-Threatening Illnesses

Kim, H., Kim, K., & Kim, Y. H. (2022). Associations between mental illness and cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 26(14), 4997–5007. https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202207_29286

Kim et al. (2020) set out to assess the connection between cancer and mental illness. The method used was a systemic review of other research articles. The databases used to source the articles were Embase and Medline, and the articles that were given consideration were those with case controls, cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies. The researchers then used the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and Funnel plots to examine any possible risk biases qualitatively. The studies showed that mental disorders did not increase the chances of a person getting cancer. However, patients with cancer were at a higher risk of developing mental illnesses. The study also showed that cancer patients with mental illnesses had lower survival rates. The method used was systemic review. Thus, the research limitations included selection biases, attrition, and inconsistencies.

The observations made by Kim et al. (2020) were accurate and similar to the outcomes made by some other scholars in the other studies examined. The results also corroborated what Venkataraman et al. (2022) stated—cancer and other terminal illnesses often lead to mental and emotional instability, even though mental illnesses do not cause cancer. This finding is logical since there is no connection between having mental illness as a cause of cancer, but cancer can affect human emotions and mental state. The researchers considered the possibility that other factors other than cancer, like mental illnesses, have the capacity also to cause mental illness.

Mallet, J., Huillard, O., Goldwasser, F., Dubertret, C., & Strat, Y. L. (2018). Mental disorders associated with a recent cancer diagnosis: Results from a nationally representative survey. European Journal of Cancer, 105, 10–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2018.09.038

The researchers aimed to examine if patients diagnosed with cancer were at a higher risk of having mental illnesses than other persons. The researchers used a face-to-face survey method on 36309 adults. The data collected was analyzed based on background for mental disorders and the presence of the latest cancer diagnosis. The results of the study showed that only 1300 participants out of the total were found to be at a higher risk of mental illnesses after diagnosis. Some of the mental diseases that were identified were PTSD, drug disorders, bipolar disorder, and confidence interval. The results also showed that all the patients with mental disorders had a history of mental disorders. The conclusion, therefore, was that people with a history of mental disorders were at a higher risk of mental illnesses if diagnosed with cancer. The major limitation is that the researchers did not rely on a clinical method to examine the cases of cognitive diseases among the patients and also the relationship it had with their cancer diagnosis. The approach used was, therefore, not accurate enough.

One thing that is evident in this study is that there is a connection between mental illnesses and cancer diagnosis. Venkataraman et al. (2022) believe that when offering holistic treatment to chronically ill patients, psychiatric treatment must be considered because chronic illnesses often have an impact on the mental health of an individual. The researchers felt other possibilities, like a history of mental illness. The authors’ conclusion is supported by Venkataraman et al. (2022), who also stated that in most studies, there is no connection between mental illnesses and cancer diagnosis, which means that those with a history of mental illnesses are at a much higher risk. Using a scientific study and considering other possibilities, one can conclude that this research had no biases.

Van Beek, F. E., Wijnhoven, L. M. A., Holtmaat, K., Custers, J. A. E., Prins, J. B., Verdonck-de Leeuw, I. M., & Jansen, F. (2021). Psychological problems among cancer patients in relation to healthcare and societal costs: A systematic review. Psycho-Oncology, 30(11), 1801–1835. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.5753

Van Beek et al. (2021) wanted to examine if mental illnesses among patients with cancer had a connection to the healthcare they receive, the use of social resources, and costs. The researchers relied on a review of research articles as their study method. They used PsycINFO, PubMed, and Embase to search for articles. The target was to determine if issues such as economic losses and costs were the primary cause of mental illnesses. The conclusion made was that there were psychological symptoms and psychiatric disorders among patients with cancer the more they used healthcare. Losses were also seen to cause mental illnesses among cancer patients. For instance, loss of work and loss of finances through medical costs also led to disorders like depression. The study’s limitations were in the weaknesses of the method of analysis used. Hence, they included selection biases, attrition, and selective outcomes reporting.

The study showed that the mental illnesses that cancer patients may have are related to strains in managing the diseases, such as medical costs, loss of work, and increased use of healthcare. These findings connect with what Venkataraman et al. (2022) stated, that the challenges associated with managing chronic illnesses are often the reasons behind mental illnesses among terminally ill patients. These challenges include financial implications and the demands placed on their lives due to the illness. Therefore, the findings of this study are accurate and logical. The researchers also examined other possibilities, like the presence of other socioeconomic challenges, even though the connection between mental illness at the time of diagnosis and a history of mental illness was not given consideration.

Vehling, S., Mehnert‐Theuerkauf, A., Philipp, R., Härter, M., Kraywinkel, K., Kuhnert, R., & Koch, U. (2021). Prevalence of mental disorders in patients with cancer compared to matched controls – Secondary analysis of two nationally representative surveys. Acta Oncologica, 61(1), 7–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/0284186x.2021.1992008

The aim of Vehling et al. (2021) in this study was to compare the prevalence rate of mental illnesses among people with cancer and the general population. The researchers compared two nationally stratified representative surveys. The prevalence of mental disorders was examined in 2141 cancer patients, and an assessment was done among 4883 people from the general population. A standardized Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used as a control, and the odds ratio was determined by comparing the odds for mental disorders in aged cancer patients and gender-matched controls. The results of the study showed that the prevalence rate of mental disorders among patients with cancer was much higher than among the general population. Some of the mental illnesses that were identified in the study were unipolar mood disorder, anxiety disorder, post-traumatic disorder, and specific phobia. The researchers concluded that anxiety and other mental illnesses are present among patients with cancer, even though research should be done to determine whether worries and stress about illnesses are what cause mental illnesses among cancer patients. One limitation that stood out is that the method the researchers chose failed to give detailed and reliable results. If the researchers had used a qualitative or quantitative method, it would have clearly compared the prevalence of mental health between the two populations.

The research results find a connection between mental illnesses and the diagnosis of cancer. This is a result that connects with the findings by Venkataraman et al. (2022), who also connect cancer diagnosis to emotional instability. Additionally, the study shows that when people are diagnosed with cancer, they are highly likely to have mental and emotional illnesses compared to people who are not diagnosed with such chronic illnesses. The researchers did not, however, consider other possibilities like socioeconomic status that may have an impact on the state of mental illness.

Venkataramu, V., Ghotra, H., & Chaturvedi, S. K. (2022). Management of psychiatric disorders in patients with cancer. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 64(8), 458. https://doi.org/10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_15_22

This article describes how psychiatric disorders connected to cancer are managed. No research method was used since this was non-experimental research, and the authors used credible material to explain, describe, and give their perspectives. The perspective taken by the researchers is that there is a new field called psycho-oncology that deals with studies on the connection between cancer and psychiatric illnesses. Also, the study clarifies that this field has helped to uncover that there are several emerging cases of psychiatric issues related to cancer illnesses. In the end, the researchers conclude that psycho-oncology as a field is still growing even though it has helped to uncover that adjustment disorders, depressive spectrum disorders, sexual disorders, anxiety disorders, and sleep disorders are the most common psychological disorders related to cancer.

Psychological illnesses are, as expected, an issue for cancer patients as they are for any patients with chronic diseases. Therefore, the main points made by the researchers in this paper are valid and supported by other researchers. Besides, they point out that most patients with cancer and other chronic illnesses often suffer from depression and other psychological disorders, which are mainly a result of the stigma related to the illness or the tedious conditions required when managing the illness. While one cannot directly point out biases in this study since the researchers relied on credible sources, it is essential to note that the lack of scientific experiment shows that the perspective taken was mainly the researchers’. This is also a limitation of non-experimental studies. The conclusion, however, fits with the ideas in the course text that chronically ill patients also need psychiatric treatment since their illnesses often lead to certain emotional and mental disorders.

Wang, Y., Duan, Z., Ma, Z., Mao, Y., Li, X., Wilson, A., Qin, H., Ou, J., Peng, K., Zhou, F., Li, C., Liu, Z., & Chen, R. (2020). Epidemiology of mental health problems among patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic. Translational Psychiatry, 10(1), 263. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-00950-y

Wang et al. (2020) sought to examine mental health issues among cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The researchers used a cross-sectional survey of 6537 participants who turned up for the study. The measures considered were socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, factors related to the pandemic, psychosomatic characteristics, social support, and mental health outcomes. The results of the study showed that 17.7 percent had anxiety disorders, 23 percent had depression, 9.3 percent had PTSD, and 13.5 percent had hostility symptoms. Generally, the results showed that all cancer patients were at risk of having a form of emotional and mental illness. The significant limitations were i) it was difficult to establish the casualty in variables due to the nature of the cross-sectional design, ii) The correlational study did not give a deeper understanding of the consequences of mental illnesses on cancer patients, and iii) there was a limitation in the way mental illnesses were assessed. Using a self-report questionnaire did not give an accurate report on the mental illnesses of the participants. A clinical interview would have given a more precise report.

The points made by the researchers in this study were accurate because it is true that chronic illnesses like cancer are linked with several mental and emotional illnesses. Venkataraman et al. (2022) have also supported the observations made in this study by stating that depression, stress, and anxiety are common mental illnesses among cancer and diabetes patients. Biases were noted where the researcher concentrated on mental health illnesses among cancer patients during COVID-19. As such, it is easier to blame the mental challenges on the pandemic, yet there may be other underlying factors that can cause mental illness among cancer patients. In the study, the researchers considered other possibilities, such as the impacts of socioeconomic backgrounds. However, they overlooked the fact that other factors like the stress related to the illnesses can also be a reason for mental illnesses without the pandemic.

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Instructions
This week, you will complete an annotated bibliography for a paper that will be due in Week 5. For more information on the required format of the bibliography please click on the annotated bibliography template. Choosing what area of health psychology you wish to explore further in this assignment begins with examining the following areas related to the course competencies. Use this as a guide when choosing research articles. Remember, this is a psychology course; the research should relate to health psychology and not purely to the medical issues related to the disorders and conditions covered below:

Annotated Bibliography- Chronic and Life-Threatening Illnesses

The major theories of health psychology.
Stress on and health of an individual.
Stress due to the developmental stage.
Models of coping and their varied uses according to context (e.g., home, work, and geography).
Current trends are steadily on the rise in the United States (e.g., diabetes, obesity, and eating disorders).
Chronic and life-threatening illnesses (e.g., cardiovascular disease, cancer, and HIV/AIDS).
Contributions of typical and alternative treatments.
The link between the mind and the body with regard to protective and vulnerability factors.
Using a South University Online Library database (ProQuest or EBSCOHOST only), find six journal articles related to the topic chosen. You must locate research articles published in scholarly journals. Scholarly journal articles are also referred to as primary sources or peer-reviewed articles. Articles must be current, that is, published within the last 5 to 6 years. Finally, Web sites, magazines, newspapers, textbooks, and other books cannot be used for this assignment.