Week 2 Initial Discussion: Biopsychosocial Model

The theoretical model that I intend to use for the capstone project is the biopsychosocial model. The biopsychosocial model is selected, as the core elements of the model relate to and help understand the phenomenon of interest and research. The proposed capstone project aims to assess the effectiveness of pico laser treatment in reducing hyperpigmentation in women with melasma.

Firstly, melasma has poorly understood pathomechanism (Artzi et al., 2021). However, recent and advancing research on the pathogenesis of melasma aimed to inform treatment decisions has identified various risk factors, including sun exposure, specifically chronic ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure, hormonal stimulation, and genetic predisposition (Khanna et al., 2023). Therefore, effective management of melasma must consider the biological, psychological, and environmental factors of the pigmentary disorder.

The biopsychosocial model proposed by George Engel in 1977 can guide the project to explore the effectiveness of pico laser treatment in reducing hyperpigmentation in women with melasma as it considers all aspects of health and disease, including the psychological, social, and biological factors (Bolton, 2023). Therefore, through the biopsychosocial model, the project will determine the underlying factors for specific melasma cases, including whether they are biological or environmental exposure. Accordingly, it will be possible to determine how the use of pico laser therapy will physiologically alter the skin and treat melasma, determine possible reactions, and any other safety concerns. Additionally, since melasma causes significant mental and psychological health disturbances (Dabas et al., 2020) and has a high chance of recurrence after treatment (Ko et al., 2023), the use of the biopsychosocial model will help manage the psychological well-being of patients involved in the project and identify and manage the social and environmental factors that may increase the severity of melasma and risk recurrence.

References

Artzi, O., Horovitz, T., Bar-Ilan, E., Shehadeh, W., Koren, A., Zusmanovitch, L., Mehrabi, J. N., Salameh, F., Isman Nelkenbaum, G., Zur, E., Sprecher, E., & Mashiah, J. (2021). The pathogenesis of melasma and implications for treatment. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 20(11), 3432–3445. https://doi.org/10.1111/JOCD.14382

Bolton, D. (2023). A revitalized biopsychosocial model: Core theory, research paradigms, and clinical implications. Psychological Medicine, 53(16), 7504. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291723002660

Dabas, G., Vinay, K., Parsad, D., Kumar, A., & Kumaran, M. S. (2020). Psychological disturbances in patients with pigmentary disorders: A cross-sectional study. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 34(2), 392–399. https://doi.org/10.1111/JDV.15987

Khanna, R., Nowah, A., Morris, D., & Desai, S. R. (2023). Pathogenesis of melasma. Dermatological Reviews, 4(1), 12–16. https://doi.org/10.1002/DER2.178

Ko, D., Wang, R. F., Ozog, D., Lim, H. W., & Mohammad, T. F. (2023). Disorders of hyperpigmentation. Part II. Review of management and treatment options for hyperpigmentation. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 88(2), 291–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAAD.2021.12.065

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Week 2: Discussion Question – Theoretical Framework or Models to Guide in Implementation of EBP

Discussion Prompt

Discuss the theoretical framework or model that you intend to use for your capstone project. How does your chosen framework relate  to your phenomenon of interest and research?

CAPSTONE PROJECT: In women with melasma (P), how effective is pico laser treatment (I) compared to topical hydroquinone (C) in reducing hyperpigmentation (O) over 6 months (T)?

Week 2 Initial Discussion: Biopsychosocial Model

Expectations

Initial Post:

• Length: A minimum of 275 words, not including references
• Citations: At least two high-level scholarly reference in APA from within the last 5 years