Under Pressure Atmospheric Forces and Wind

Under Pressure Atmospheric Forces and Wind

Question A 2

Surface winds sweep over isobars in the direction of lower pressure. The angle at which winds cross isobars is determined by surface friction, wind speed, and height above the surface. However, winds in the upper atmosphere blow parallel to contour lines, with lower pressure (in the Northern Hemisphere) to their left. As a result, if you stand in the Northern Hemisphere with the wind at your back, less pressure will be to your left, and more significant pressure will be to your right (Ahrens & Henson, pp. 221, 2020). As a result, the wind is blowing from the southeast to the northwest in this condition. Suppose you pertain to the previously mentioned concepts, also known as the Buys-Law. In that case, you will be able to ascertain that the low-pressure zone is to your left (northwest) and the high-pressure area is to your right (southeast) by simply standing with your back to the wind and turning clockwise about 30 degrees. As per this rule, an individual facing the direction away from the wind will experience low pressure on the left side of their body and high pressure on the right side of their body in the Northern Hemisphere; the converse of this effect will be experienced in the Southern Hemisphere. The link states that the angle between the wind and the pressure gradient angle will be 90. The phenomenon nearly applies in the open atmosphere, but not close to the surface. The inclination near the ground is typically lower than ninety degrees due to friction between the air and the surface, as well as the wind turning toward areas with lower atmospheric pressure at the same height. Due to the instability of the Coriolis effect, the regulation does not apply in equatorial zones.

Question B 4

Altostratus clouds are grey or blue-grey clouds made up of ice crystals and water droplets. The sun (or moon) may be barely visible as a round disk in a thinner area of the cloud, as if the sun were shining through spherical glass (Ahrens & Henson, pp.128, 2020). Altostratus clouds are frequently formed ahead of mid-latitude cyclonic storms that provide broad and generally constant precipitation. When precipitation falls from altostratus clouds, the cloud base often drops, and the rain is continuous and showery, similar to cumuliform clouds. Based on these parameters, the air must have expanded fast and cooled the water droplets in the cloud. This would have resulted in the water freezing into ice and falling as snow. A procedure like this caused the hole in the cloud that we saw while the plane flew at that altitude. When a nucleus is injected into mid-level clouds, such as Altostratus clouds, the water droplets begin to freeze and form a fall streak. When these cloud droplets freeze, they expand and begin to fall. This causes a hole in the clouds, which is known as a fall streak. These “supercooled” water droplets require a “reason” to freeze, which is typically provided by ice crystals. These ice crystals can be carried by planes flying through the cloud layer. When ice crystals are injected, the water droplet rapidly freezes, grows, and begins to fall. As nearby drops start to freeze, a hole is formed that will begin to extend outward. Something to note is that a fallstreak hole (also known as a “hole punch cloud”) is a big circular or oval gap in cirrocumulus or altocumulus clouds.

References

Ahrens, C.D. & Henson, R. (2020). Meteorology Today: An Introduction to Weather, Climate, and the Environment (13th ed.). Cengage Learning.

ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

We’ll write everything from scratch

---

Suppose you are a flight student at Embry-Riddle in Prescott, Arizona, and you are on the flight line observing a colourful sunset sky. While enjoying the sunset, you look up to watch altocumulus clouds moving across the sky from northwest to southeast, and you quickly determine that, at the level of the shadows, lower pressure is northeast of your location. Synthesize and apply related concepts from Module 5 to explain how you utilized Buys-Ballot’s Law and the observed cloud movement to make this determination (It may help to sketch the scenario.). In your explanation, include a discussion of all of the forces acting on air at the mid-levels of the troposphere to justify why the law works correctly.

Suppose you are a student living on campus at Embry-Riddle in Daytona Beach, Florida. The latest weather report states that a firm surface low-pressure system is approaching Daytona Beach. You and the other students went outdoors and noted that the wind was blowing from the southeast. After a quick determination, you tell the other students that the low-pressure system is currently centred roughly west-southwest of Daytona Beach. Synthesize and apply related concepts from Module 5 to explain how you utilized Buys-Ballot’s law and the observed wind direction to make this determination (It may help to sketch the scenario.). In your explanation, include a discussion of all of the forces acting on surface air to justify why the law works correctly.
Please proceed to the Question Set B section.

On a typical summer afternoon, fair weather cumulus clouds are commonly observed over the flight line of both the Daytona Beach campus of Embry-Riddle on the east coast of Florida and the Prescott campus of ERAU in central Arizona. However, the bases of these clouds are typically observed to be closer to ground level in Daytona, Florida, in comparison to those in Prescott, Arizona. Synthesize and apply related concepts from Module 4 to explain this observation.
Synthesizing and applying related concepts from Module 4, describe the specifics of a weather scenario, including atmospheric stability conditions, cloud types, and precipitation types, in which a pilot, flying at 18,000 feet above ground level, could experience the following:
ice build-up on the leading edges of the aircraft wings
ice damage to the aircraft wings
Suppose it is August, and you are the pilot of an aerial firefighting aircraft currently assigned to a wildfire over the mountains of central Idaho. Synthesize and apply concepts from Module 4 regarding atmospheric stability to explain why your job is more safely and effectively performed in the morning hours versus the afternoon hours.
You are a passenger in a window seat of a commercial aircraft currently flying at 39,000 feet. You look out the window and observe a solid layer of altostratus covering the sky about 20,000 feet below you, stretching as far as you can see. A minute later, you see a distinct hole in the cloud layer, with some stray fall streak cirrus clouds directly above the crater. Synthesize and apply related concepts from Module 4 regarding precipitation processes to explain how the visible spot in the cloud layer was produced.