The Stroop Effect Experiment
The Stroop effect refers to the trend of individuals experiencing difficulties naming a physical colour they would have otherwise had ease naming when the colour is used to spell the name of another colour. The Stroop phenomenon differs across individuals and genders, with the female gender showing fewer disruptions and consequently fewer difficulties in naming colour interruptions. Several theoretical provisions have been posited to explain this phenomenon. Such theories are selective attention, automaticity, speed of processing, and parallel distributed processing theory. Despite their attempts to explain the Stroop phenomenon, these theories are inconclusive. The Stroop phenomenon remains a mystery (Algom & Chajut, 2019). All these theories point to psychological involvement as learning, the ability to multitask, and the tendency to form habits contribute to lowered Stroop interference. This lab report details findings on a Stroop effect experiment.
Methods
Three words, RED, GREEN, and BLUE, were printed in either red, green, or blue fonts. These words appeared in each trial with varying fonts. The participant was expected to correctly identify the font as quickly as possible by clicking a letter on the keyboard that denoted each font. The letter h denoted the red font on the keyboard, while the green and blue fonts were denoted by the letters j and k, respectively. Every correct attempt was recorded as “correct,” while the incorrect trials were recorded as “incorrect,” and the incorrect sequences repeated as the test continued. The experiment entailed a total of 45 trials.
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Results
The reaction times were recorded for two different conditions. The first condition was when the name and the fonts were the same, while the second condition was when the name and the font were different. The average reaction time for the first condition in which the name and the font were the same was 1618.2 ms. The average reaction time for the second condition in which the name and font differed was 1609.7 ms.
Discussions
As the trials began, the reaction times were found to be high. This may be because the participant was acclimatizing to the experiment. The reaction times for the experimental conditions in which the name and font were similar were higher than for experimental conditions in which the name and font were not the same. This is a divergence from the consensual finding that indicates that individuals tend to experience difficulties naming fonts that are incorrectly spelt (Parris et al., 2021). The basis for the Stroop effect is automaticity. It is believed that observers have automatized reading and are, therefore, likely to read the words rather than observe the fonts. For this reason, they experience difficulties when the names misrepresent the fonts.
The result was not per my expectations. My findings did not conform to the majority of findings that conformed to automaticity. The result indicated faster response times in experimental conditions where the name and font differed. This was a divergence from the statistical finding of the majority. The experiment was straightforward. I was surprised that I found it difficult to match the names and fonts. In some circumstances, I incorrectly matched the names and the fonts. Nonspecific performance effects of the practice are involved in the Stroop effect. These factors include response execution, colour name facility, and stimulus encoding (Martynova & Lyusin, 2022). Interference conditions also influence the results of the Stroop experiment. Emotions have also influenced the results of the Stroop effect. Anxious participants are likely to make more errors than their counterparts who were calm and better acclimatized to the experimental conditions.
References
Algom, D., & Chajut, E. (2019). Reclaiming the Stroop Effect Back From Control to Input-Driven Attention and Perception. Frontiers In Psychology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01683
Martynova, E., & Lyusin, D. (2022). The Influence Of Happiness And Anxiety On Emotional Stroop Effect. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4135934
Parris, B., Hashim, N., Wadsley, M., Augustinova, M., & Ferrand, L. (2021). The loci of Stroop effects: a critical review of methods and evidence for levels of processing contributing to colour-word Stroop effects and the implications for the loci of attentional selection. Psychological Research, 86(4), 1029-1053. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-021-01554-x
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Question 
Instructions
The Stroop Effect Experiment
Using CogLab, complete the Stroop effect experiment and create a report on the experiment.
The Stroop Effect Experiment
In your report, write a brief introduction explaining the Stroop effect. Next, in the Methods section, describe the process that you followed to complete the experiment. Make sure to include enough information so that others can also perform the same experiment successfully.
Finally, describe the experimental results. Summarize your report, including answers to the following questions:
Were the results in accordance with your expectations? Provide a rationale to support your answer.
Did anything about the experiment surprise you? If yes, what?
What factors would influence the results of the Stroop effect experiment?
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