The Poynting Vector

The Poynting Vector

The Poynting vector, represented by the equation S = E×H, describes the rate at which electromagnetic energy flows per unit of time per unit area. According to Tombe (2020), the Poynting theorem considers the pointing vector important because it involves both Faraday’s law, which concludes that electromagnetic induction varies with time and Ampere’s circuital law. Many scholars have debated the significance of the Poynting vector, especially in cases where the E field is assumed to be an electrostatic field. Compared with the equation representing the continuity of charge, there seems to be an analogous relationship between electric current density and the pointing vector, proving that it represents energy flow per unit time per unit area (Sztul & Alfano, 2008). It might be argued that the Poynting vector includes electromagnetic energy currents comprising magnetic and electric components. However, Tombe (2020) argues that in real terms, the magnetic term H signifies kinetic energy while the term E, which represents electric force, signifies potential energy or hydrostatic aether pressure.

The Poynting vector also represents power density in complex electric current by showing how electric fluid flows in electron-positron dipoles. Tombe (2022) argues that the vorticity in these dipolar vortices is similar to their magnetic intensity; hence current flows continuously in neighbouring electron-positron dipoles, with each constituting tiny electric circuits. The complexity of electric current is illustrated by Maxwell’s Displacement Current, which concludes that E and H go out of phase when they are emitted from an alternating source of current in relation to Bernoulli’s principle (Wang, 2017). Therefore, the Poynting vector plays a critical role in wireless radiation as long as H is isolated from an existing magnetic field. For instance, the Poynting vector would be significant in AC transformers where the energy leaving primary circuits has to flow through space before going to the secondary circuit.

References

Tombe, F. D. (2020). The Significance of the Poynting Vector. Gen. Sci. J, 1-9.

Sztul, H. I., & Alfano, R. R. (2008). The Poynting vector and angular momentum of Airy beams. Optics Express, 16(13), 9411-9416.

Tombe, F. D. (2022). The Deeper Physical Nature of Electric Current. The General Science Journal, 22.

Wang, Z. L. (2017). On Maxwell’s displacement current for energy and sensors: the origin of nanogenerators. Materials Today, 20(2), 74-82.

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The Poynting Vector

What is the physical significance of the Poynting vector?