The Health Promotion Model in Nursing Practice

Hello everyone,

Today, we’ll explore the Health Promotion Model (HPM), developed by Nola Pender. This theory explains the factors influencing individuals’ motivation to engage in health-promoting behaviors. Unlike the medical model that mainly targets diagnosing and curing diseases, HPM seeks to prevent the onset of diseases and modify behavior (Chen & Hsieh, 2021). Notably, this model directly relates to my MSN evidence-based project on medication adherence among patients with diabetes: The Health Promotion Model in Nursing Practice.

Regarding nonadherence, many patients with diabetes face the challenge of taking their medications as advised, which results in poor glycemic control and other complications. Hence, by embracing this theory, I am in a position to develop adherence strategies that relieve patients’ barriers to medication while enhancing their self-efficacy.

A key concept in the model is the perceived benefits of action, which refers to a patient’s belief that adhering to medication will improve their health. Patients are more likely to comply with prescribed regimens when they understand the advantages. In my nursing practice, I educate diabetic patients on how consistent medication use prevents complications such as neuropathy, kidney failure, and vision loss. The awareness of the long-term advantages of following the doctor’s instructions discourages patients from violating the prescriptions.

Nevertheless, education does not always lead to behavioral modification. Several potential reasons for inaction are often present for many patients, including economic considerations, side effects, or forgetfulness, as noted by Kvarnström et al. (2021).

For instance, some patients may not afford insulin and they end up not using it as prescribed. To balance this, I help them by subscribing to prescription assistance programs and discussing affordable options and medication alarms. Eliminating these barriers enhances adherence rates to a great extent.

Another essential concept is self-efficacy, which refers to a patient’s confidence in their ability to manage their medications effectively. Higher self-efficacy leads to better adherence. Thus, in the practical aspect, I motivate patients by educating them on the need to self-monitor, setting goals, and providing them with pill organizers to stick to their schedules. Each time patients master their medications, their compliance levels increase, which accelerates medication adherence in the long run.

For my MSN project, I will integrate perceived benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy to develop a structured intervention that enhances medication adherence in diabetic patients. Enhancing the knowledge level of patients, reducing barriers to healthcare, and boosting self-esteem are the keys to long-term outcomes. The Health Promotion Model is crucial in the approach to nursing practice as it affords patients the opportunity to take proactive steps toward actualizing positive changes within their lifestyles in order to prevent diseases.

That’s it for today. Thank you for watching!

References

Chen, H.-H., & Hsieh, P.-L. (2021). Applying Pender’s health promotion model to identify the factors related to older adults’ participation in community-based health promotion activities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18199985

Kvarnström, K., Westerholm, A., Airaksinen, M., & Liira, H. (2021). Factors contributing to medication adherence in patients with a chronic condition: A scoping review of qualitative research. Pharmaceutics, 13(7), 1100. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13071100

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