The Effectiveness of CBT for Depression

The Effectiveness of CBT for Depression

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a popular and widely used therapeutic approach that has proven effective in various human issues (Uchendu & Blake, 2017). It is a type of intervention based on the explicit and fundamental premise that using cognitive factors maintains psychological distress and mental disorders. Its core premise is that it is possible to keep behavioral problems and emotional pain through maladaptive cognitions, which play a significant role in ensuring better measures and treatment methods are used for the case. According to studies, cognitive behavior therapy is the best treatment method for depression and provides exceptional benefits to patients who may benefit from it. Even though depression is regarded as a severe mental disorder that causes significant impairment and distress, CBT has proven effective in its treatment and prevention without causing additional health complications. The purpose of this paper is to examine the efficacy of CBT for depression critically.

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Depression is one of the most common and debilitating psychiatric disorders. Due to differential diagnosis, it can be classified as both a disorder and a syndrome. Depression, as a syndrome, involves episodes of loss of interest, sadness, decreased motivation, pessimism, changes in sex interest, appetite, sleep, impulses, and suicidal thoughts, according to Forbes et al. (2010). However, as a disorder, it is classified into two types: bipolar and unipolar—the differences cause the condition’s manic episodes, necessitating proper treatment. Bipolar disorder, for example, is distinguished by uncontrolled muscles, recklessness, irritability or euphoria, grandiosity, and sleeplessness. The lifetime prevalence of clinical depression has been estimated at 17%, with morbidity rates and suicide risk being on the higher side (Forbes et al. (2010). Most patients with clinical depression disorders experience changes that last longer than expected, while others improve over time without receiving any treatment. According to Unwin et al. (2016), cognitive behavioral therapy has a medium effect size that is adversely relative to various control conditions ranging from nonspecific controls to treatment omission. This effect, however, varies significantly depending on the waitlist to which it is exposed. According to studies, CBT can restore high-quality experience at various application levels in the affected person’s life (Kroese & Azm, 2016). According to Brown et al. (2016), in terms of variety, CBT provides exceptional psychotherapies that will include improved methods of applying the treatment method and its usefulness released based on the implications it can have on the affected person. Cognitive-behavioral therapy has a limited effect on individual patients and is often subjective to the underlying problem. It also usually works better in providing active, critical medications in severe cases (Brown et al., 2016).

The treatment of depression collaborative research program (TDRCP) was the primary treatment method used to compare with CBT for severe depression (Brown et al., 2016). Although the difference was insignificant, it was clear that CBT was more effective than the latter. For example, based on the size and consistency of the application, the treatment outcome is excellent and consistent among patients with severe depression who have been exposed to CBT application. Subsequent placebo-controlled trials have also revealed that cognitive therapies are more efficient and effective than other related health-related claims. According to Zoellner et al. (2011), CBT has few side effects in patients with severe cases. Although it is unclear what level of professionalism is required to ensure the proper application of CBT treatment, (Pirnia et al., 2019) in his study revealed that continuous application of the measure by the intended outcome provides that the condition is categorically and efficiently addressed.

Similarly, the importance of implementing a correction process for realized errors must be maintained in treatment to relieve CBT patients of depression. According to cognitive theory, maladaptive information processing and negative automatic thought patterns play an essential role in the maintenance and etiology of depression. Studies have revealed that the CBT approach does not change symptoms and other subsequent freedom that can be realized in relapse cases over the available contributions and exposures to which such conditions can expose patients. Pirnia et al. (2019) state CBT is a nonspecific treatment method. It focuses on restoring credible outcomes that are never in doubt and ensuring that they are consistent with other treatment methods that may be very important.

According to Oud et al. (2017), depression is one of the most common chronically recurring disorders in people. Although other measures provided better prevention measures, they were deemed ineffective because many symptoms would still be experienced even if the application was made correctly. CBT, on the other hand, has ensured that better results are obtained across the board. It has a long-lasting effect that is more than just comforting. The extent to which cognitive behavioral therapy treats other subsequent cases determines whether or not it is genuinely curative. Evidence suggests that the long-term effects of CBT can last longer than the treatment itself, serving as a preventative measure in case the condition reoccurs. However, among patients whose response to acute treatment may be low despite various methods, CBT application remains the most reliable and effective method that can be used for credibility and use. Brown et al. (2016) discovered in their study that the magnitude of the enduring effects of CBT could keep the patient in a stable condition for two to three years.

CBT outcomes have been insightful in most acute treatments due to limited forms of biasing differential mortality effects as long as all patients receive similar acute-phase treatment. Depression, as seen in most patients, is a chronic condition that may resurface if no better treatment is applied. However, CBT has ensured that relapse rates and all other subsequent recurrences related to antidepressant medication ADM among patients with residual depressive symptoms have been reduced. CBT reduces relapse rates associated with other mild conditions and ensures a better remedy relieves a patient from other effects. The long-term impact of CBT on patients with severe depression demonstrates that an additional treatment mode results in relapse rates that are significantly lower than treatment-as-usual. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), according to Ljótsson et al. (2017), has a similar impact on treating a patient with mental cases; the MBCT group believes that combining CBT with other meditation techniques is a practical approach that can quickly relieve a patient from depression cases. As a result, even though various depression treatment modes have been implemented, the long-term effect of CBT has remained the most beneficial health condition among older adults.

Furthermore, keeping patients in CBT after their initial response to the treatment makes them irresponsive to the next possible cause of depression, in addition to the acute CBT treatment ensuring effect. CBT is a treatment method that not only provides credible therapy for acute depression conditions but also ensures that such a condition does not reoccur. As a continuation treatment, CBT ensures that a patient can be treated at any stage of the depressive state without adhering to other treatment plans that may jeopardize their stability. CBT is effective when the distinction between recurrence and relapse has become an appointment of concern. Bipolar disorder has long-term effects on people’s lives and, in most cases, exposes them to extreme conditions (Pfeiffer et al., 2020). However, CBT has proven effective and ensured that the desired outcomes address the situation.

In contrast to other negative consequences, CBT focuses on teaching better skills that can be applied in coping with prodromal and disruption of routines, contributing to the onset of bipolar disorder episodes. CBT has also proven more effective and efficient than any other treatment method in multi-model treatment delivery for depression symptoms (Uchendu & Blake, 2017). The intervention and care provisions evident in the methods are highly beneficial compared to other primary care treatments.

Finally, CBT has proven to be the most effective treatment for depression in many patients. The CBT implementation process in therapy aims to correct all depression-related errors. CBT has also been proven to be the most effective treatment and management of depression. When properly implemented, the approach can also adjunct various medications to treat bipolar disorders. CBT reduces recurrence or relapse rates by a greater magnitude, significantly impacting patients. It also employs more life-saving methods with fewer side effects.

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References

Brown, G. K., Karlin, B. E., Trockel, M., Gordienko, M., Yesavage, J., & Taylor, C. B. (2016). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for veterans with depression and suicidal ideation. Archives of suicide research, 20(4), 677-682.

Forbes, D. et al. (2010). A guide to guidelines for the treatment of PTSD and related conditions. Journal of Traumatic Stress, pp. 23, 537–52.

Ljótsson, B., Hedman, E., Mattsson, S., & Andersson, E. (2017). The effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression are not falling: A re-analysis of Johnsen and Friborg (2015).

Oud, M., De Winter, L., Vermeulen-Smit, E., Bodden, D., Nauta, M., Stone, L., … & Engels, (2017). Effectiveness of CBT for children and adolescents with depression: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. European Psychiatry, 57, 33-45.

Pfeiffer, P. N., Pope, B., Houck, M., Benn-Burton, W., Zivin, K., Ganoczy, D., … & Abraham, M. (2020). Effectiveness of Peer-Supported Computer-Based CBT for Depression Among Veterans in Primary Care. Psychiatric Services, app-ps.

Pirnia, B., Pirnia, K., Bazyari, K., Aslani, F., & Malekanmehr, P. (2019). Physical or Psychological Therapy? Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or Acupuncture for Subsyndromal Depression among Methamphetamine Users. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 48(3), 561.

Uchendu, C., & Blake, H. (2017). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on glycaemic control and psychological outcomes in adults with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetic Medicine, 34(3), 328-339.

Unwin, G., Tsimopoulou, I., Kroese, B. S., & Azmi, S. (2016). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) programs for anxiety or depression in adults with intellectual disabilities: A literature review. Research in Developmental Disabilities, pp. 51, 60–75.

Zoellner, L.A. et al. (2011). Teaching trauma-focused exposure therapy for PTSD: critical clinical lessons for novice exposure therapists. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, pp. 3, 300–308.

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Please read the chapter and use the rubric.

Please read the following chapter and respond to the following questions.

. What are the pros and cons of using a CBT treatment manual with adults?

Discuss fidelity with flexibility.

2. What is an automatic negative thought that you “catch” yourself saying to yourself in times of stress?

3. CBT requires collaboration and active participation from the participant. If you are working with a highly anxious adult female patient, what strategies might you use to help her cope with the anxiety using this modality?

4. With the content of the sessions described and the skills taught, what do you think will be the more challenging skills? Please use examples and cite the literature.