Social Determinants of Health-Hypertension
Hypertension is high blood pressure where the diastolic pressure is less than 80mmHg, and the systolic pressure is between 120 and 129 mmHg (Iqbal & Jamal, 2022). Hypertension prevention and control are affected by social determinants of health such as socioeconomic status, occupation, income, and level of education (Nakagomi et al., 2022). Socioeconomic status is influenced by intermediary statuses such as lifestyle, material factors like availability of food and housing, and psychosocial factors such as loneliness, stress, and isolation. Socioeconomic status affects diagnosis, pathophysiology, risk factors, and prevention of hypertension. In addition, studies show a high prevalence of hypertension in areas and individuals with lower educational attainment and low income (Nakagomi et al., 2022).
The disparities seen in socioeconomic status are improved by public education and awareness, health literacy, job creation, employment, and high income. Health equity can be achieved by creating awareness among the educated and those with lower educational attainment. Additionally, health literacy enables individuals to identify risk factors that contribute to their hypertension. Highly educated individuals tend to rely more on non-pharmacological approaches; therefore, it is important to educate the whole general public on the prevention and treatment of hypertension (Nakagomi et al., 2022). Further, lifestyle factors such as diet, physical inactivity, alcohol, smoking, and exercise are controlled by education and awareness. The public is educated on smoking cessation, controlling alcohol intake, the advantages of physical activity, and dietary adjustments. Also, job creation creates income, allowing individuals to seek treatment and afford dietary adjustments to prevent and manage hypertension. Adequate income decreases stress levels and lowers the risk of hypertension. Overall, health equity identifies the distribution of social determinants according to regions and age groups.
References
Iqbal, A.M., & Jamal, S.F. (2022). Essential Hypertension. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539859/.
Nakagomi, A., Yasufuku, Y., Ueno, T., & Kondo, K. (2022). Social determinants of hypertension in high-income countries: A narrative literature review and future directions. Hypertension research: official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension, 45(10), 1575–1581. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-022-00972-7.
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Choose 1 health disparity you think is related to the SDOH. For example, diabetes prevention and control are linked to socioeconomic status, neighborhood, and food environment. Poverty, lack of quality education, and lack of health care significantly impact disparities in diabetes risk, diagnosis, and outcomes (Hill-Briggs et al., 2021).
Social Determinants of Health-Hypertension
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