Slips of the Tongue

Slips of the Tongue

The three types of slips of the tongue are sound errors, word errors, and morpheme errors. It is important to start by explaining that slips of the language are generally considered speech errors manifested by unintended utterances. These utterances are often arranged between the other words intended to be said by the speaker (Burford-Rice & Augoustinos, 2018). The best example to explain this is a case where one says “tot” instead of “pot.” This example is a perfect case of sound error. On the other hand, morpheme errors can be seen in this example where one says “instructions” instead of “destructions,” a perfect example of a morpheme slip of the tongue. In case a person makes an error by interchanging words in a sentence, then it is a slip of the tongue that is classified as a word error (Burford-Rice & Augoustinos, 2018). For instance, when one says, “Going home I am” instead of “I am going home,” it is a case of word error slip of the tongue.

After researching journals that talk about slips of the tongue, Goldrick et al. (2016) explain the slips of the tongue and try to connect this idea with the motor responsible for the word being spoken. In other words, for speech error to exist, there must be an error with the articulation and the organ responsible for the articulation. There is a slight similarity when this idea is compared to the hypothesis made by Freud. One must remember that Freud stated that slips of the tongue result from the subconscious (Goldstein, 2011). The subconscious is a part of the brain. The journal also indicates that the slips of the tongue are connected to errors with the organ responsible for speech, and the brain is responsible for the movement of these organs. As such, one can see that the brain is accountable for slips of the tongue regardless of the approach taken by Freud or Goldrick et al. (2016). The difference, however, is that Freud argues that the subconscious is responsible for these errors, while Goldrick et al. (2016) believe that organs are directly responsible for these errors.

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References

Burford-Rice, R., & Augoustinos, M. (2018). ‘I didn’t mean that: It was just a slip of the tongue’: Racial slips and gaffes in the public arena. The British Journal of Social Psychology, 57(1), 21–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12211

Goldrick, M., Keshet, J., Gustafson, E., Heller, J., & Needle, J. (2016). Automatic analysis of slips of the tongue: Insights into the cognitive architecture of speech production. Cognition, 149, 31–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2016.01.002

Goldstein, E. B. (2011). Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research, and Everyday Experience. United States: Cengage Learning.

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Instructions
Slips of the tongue
Describe the three types of slips of the tongue and explain why they might occur. Provide examples of slips of the tongue. Locate scholarly research on slips of the tongue. Compare and contrast what you had found to Freud’s view that slips of the tongue represent the subconscious.