Safety, Mass, and Volume

Safety, Mass, and Volume

This experiment aims to demonstrate laboratory safety measures, the use of various safety equipment, and the accurate measurement of mass and volume using a pipette, burette, and graduated cylinders.

Safety equipment

1. Lab coat –It is used to protect clothes from hazardous materials, including chemicals and other substances that could be harmful to the skin.
2. Glasses (pair of goggles) – These cover the eyes and protect the eyes from accidental splashes of hazardous materials.
3. Hood- This is the chamber that protects against the inhalation and spilling of hazardous materials to the body
4. Portable shield – It is used to protect personnel from exposure to radiation and other sources of ionizing radiation from the hood.
5. Gas shutoff valve –It is used to quickly and safely shut off gas flow to a laboratory in an emergency.
6. Fire extinguisher – It is used to put off the fire before it spreads in the  laboratory
7. Safety shower – It safely rinses off hazardous chemicals that may have come into contact with personnel in the laboratory.
8. Fire blanket – is used to wrap around a person who is on fire.
9. First Aid kit – This box contains tools that provide medical care in the event of an emergency, such as cuts, burns, and other minor injuries.

Procedure

Mass Measurement

1. Analytical balance

• Use 3 different objects
• Put the objects on balance one at a time
• Record the mass of each object (the mass is recorded in 4 digits after the decimal)
• Compare the mass to determine the mass accuracy of 3 different readings of each object.

1. Triple beam balance

• Put the pointer at the zero mark
• Add weight on the beam till it balances
• Record the mass of the object (the mass is recorded in 2 digits after the decimal).

1. Single beam balance (modern)

• Put the object on the balance
• Record the mass of the object (the mass is recorded in 2 digits after the decimal).

Volume Measurement

• Put the beaker on the weighing balance
• Set the weighing balance back to zero so that it does not measure the mass of the beaker.
• Draw 10mL of water from the beaker containing water using a pipette
• Put 10mL of water into the beaker
• Record the mass (the first reading before evaporation of water)
• Compare the mass recorded with the original volume of water from the pipette (10mL).

Data/Results/Calculations

• Mass

1. Analytical beam balance

• Balance 1

Mass of object 1- 92.9738g

Mas of object 2 – 47.6204g

Mass of object 3 – 21.5953g

• Balance 2

Mass of object 1- 92.9738g

Mas of object 2 – 47.6214g

Mass of object 3 – 21.5952g

• Balance 3

Mass of object 1- 92.9748g

Mas of object 2 – 476219g

Mass of object 3 – 21.5957g

1. Triple beam balance

Mass of object 3- 21.35g

1. Single beam balance

Mass of object 1- 92.97g

Mas of object 2 – 47.62g

• Volume

Burette Volume Measurements

D = M/V so V = M/D
Density of water at 21.4 °C = 0.99791 g/ml
So for 10.1 ml of water in Burette

Where the measured mass of water = 10.0722 g
measured volume = 10.0722 g/ 0.99791: = 10.09 ml
% error in V = (10.10 – 10.09)/10.10 x 100 = 0.10%

Pipette Volume Measurements

D = M/V so V = M/D
Density of water at 21.4 °C = 0.99791 g/ml
So for 10 ml of water in a 10 ml Pipette
where measured mass of water = 9.9803 g
measured volume = 9.9803 g/ 0.99791 = 10.00 ml
% error in V = (10.00 – 10.00)/10.00 x 100 = 0.00%

10ml Graduated Cylinder Volume Measurement

D = M/V so V = M/D
Density of water at 21.4 °C = 0.99791 g/ml
So for 10 ml of water in a 10 ml Graduated Cylinder
where measured mass of water = 10.0633 g
measured volume = 10.0633 g/ 0.99791 = 10.08 ml
% error in V = (10.00 – 10.08)/ 10.00 x 100 = 0.80%

25ml Graduated Cylinder Volume Measurement
D = M/V so V = M/D
Density of water at 21.4 °C = 0.99791 g/ml
So for 10 ml of water in 25 ml of Graduated Cylinder
where measured mass of water = 9.7781 g
measured volume = 9.7781 g/ 0.99791 = 9.80 ml
% error in V = (10.00-9.80)/ 10.00 x 100 = 2.00%

100ml Graduated Cylinder Volume Measurement

D = M/V so V = M/D
Density of water at 21.4 °C = 0.99791 g/ml
So for 10 ml of water in 100 ml of Graduated Cylinder
where measured mass of water = 10.3802 g
measured volume = 10.3802 g/ 0.99791 = 10.40 ml
% error in V = (10.00 – 10.40)10.00 x 100 = 4.00%
Comparison of Accuracy of Volumes Devices

Device	% Error	Accuracy
Pipette	0.00%	Highest (1)
Burette	0.01%	2
10ml Grad Cylinder	0.80%	3
25ml Grad Cylinder	2.00%	4
100ml Grad Cylinder	4.00%	Lowest (5)

Conclusion

In conclusion, this experiment showed that laboratory safety measures are essential to ensure the safety of all individuals in the laboratory setting. Additionally, the experiment demonstrated the use of safety equipment and the accuracy of measuring mass and volume using pipettes, burettes, and graduated cylinders. Consistently the pipette was found to be the most accurate of the volume-measuring devices, with a 0.00% error. The burette was the second most accurate, with a 0.01% error. The 10 ml graduated cylinder was quite accurate, with only a 0.80% error. The 25 ml graduated cylinder was reasonably accurate with a 2.00% error. The 100 ml graduated cylinder was the least accurate device, with a 4.00% error.

Notes

Accurate measurements of volume and mass in the lab provide a measure of the exact amount of a substance being used in a given experiment. This can be used to easily calculate the concentrations of reagents, ensuring that the experiment is conducted in the expected procedure. Mastering the use of each piece of equipment in the lab is essential to ensure that experiments are conducted safely and that accurate results are obtained. It is important to understand the proper way to use each piece of equipment and how to troubleshoot any issues that may arise.

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This lab will be conducted by an experienced instructor. As you watch the lab, you should keep a lab notebook just as you would if you were personally conducting the lab. A well-kept lab notebook is the key to successful labs. The lab notebook acts as the record of your experiment, help you organize your thoughts and understand the results of the experiment, and will be useful in helping you write your lab report. Your lab notebook and/or lab report can be used as you take the lab exam that accompanies each experiment.

IMPORTANT: When writing your lab report, the entire video is considered to be the “Experiment”. For example, your Experiment 1 lab report should include the safety, equipment, mass, and volume portions of the lab. Be sure to write a proper procedure and data/results/calculation section for the mass and volume experiments.

To complete the lab report requirement, be sure to follow the “Lab Report Sample” as your model and type out your lab report using the “Lab Report Template”. These can be found under “Lab Overview”. You can upload your report by clicking “Submit,” and then attaching your document.