Renal Physiology Lab Reporting

Renal Physiology Lab Reporting

In science, reporting what has been done in a laboratory setting is incredibly important for communicating, replicating, and validating findings. However, writing scientific reports can be a little overwhelming. The scientific community requires a set of agreed-upon components when reporting scientific experimentation. Answer the following questions to describe what occurred during your lab in Labster. Be sure to use complete sentences and descriptions that fully represent what you experienced. Writing a lab report is less about being correct or incorrect than accurately reporting what happened and why. So, do not worry about reporting data that might seem counterintuitive or unexpected. Focus on clearly communicating what you did and what you observed.

TITLE

What was the title of the lab you completed?

Renal Physiology: Find the Mode of Action of a Diuretic Drug Virtual Lab

PROBLEM

What was the problem you were trying to resolve in the lab?

We are determining the mode of action of a new diuretic drug to help against hypertension.

HYPOTHESIS

What information from the textbook and classroom is relevant to the problem you were trying to resolve in the lab? Identify the concepts and explain how they are related to the lab problem.

The textbook provided background information on the gross and microscopic anatomy of kidneys, the hormones (endocrine and paracrine) that help regulate kidney function, and the role of kidneys in maintaining homeostasis in the body. This information was relevant and provided scientific content that helped understand the problem and formulate the hypothesis.

During the lab, what information from the THEORY section provided additional background information about the problem? (To review the theory section, launch the lab and click the “Theory” tab on the top of the data pad). Identify the concepts and explain how they are related to the lab problem.

The THEORY section provided additional scientific content on hypertension, the kidney and kidney structure, the nephron, the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), antidiuretic hormones, reabsorption experiment, and active transport. Hypertension is abnormally high blood pressure and a physiological condition in which arterial walls undergo too much force continuously. Treatment for hypertension includes diuretics, which are first-line medications. Notably, diuretics facilitate the release of salt ions like sodium from the body and trigger increased urination. Consequently, they decrease the blood volume and hence the blood pressure. The scientific content in the THEORY section describes the kidney, its structure, and the processes involved in filtering wastes and toxic substances from the blood to maintain homeostasis. The section also expounds on the reabsorption experiment, which measures the volume of liquids undergoing reabsorption in the epithelial cells of the renal tubule during the filtration process.

Most scientific experimentation involves examining variables and their relationships. A variable is a construct that can be changed and studied. Examples of variables are a condition or measurable quantity. What are the variables you examined in the lab? Which one were you controlling and changing? Which one were you observing was impacted by your change?

The variables for this experiment were the new diuretic drug, salt loss, and urine output in the kidney. The variable under control is the new diuretic drug. Conversely, the researcher observed how the new diuretic drug affected the kidney’s salt loss and urine output.

Developing a hypothesis requires understanding relevant background knowledge. Now that you have described relevant background information, it is time to create a hypothesis. A hypothesis is a simple statement (not a question) grounded in previous research that predicts the relationship between the variables being studied. Please make a statement that indicates the relationship between the variables being studied.

The new diuretic drug will decrease blood pressure (hypertension) and increase urine output and loss of salts like sodium ions.

METHOD

Describing what you did during a lab supports other scientists in replicating your work. Through this consistent replication, scientists can see repeating patterns and develop ideas that help move science forward. When you discuss your data in a later section, you will have to describe your choices, why you made them, and any concerns about unexpected things that occurred. It would be best to keep detailed notes to have enough information. What doesn’t seem important at the moment may end up being something that explains your findings later. Controlling many potential errors is a benefit of conducting virtual labs when learning science. The virtual lab environment will often alert you if something is not going as it should. This does not occur in non-virtual settings. The virtual lab setting can be conducive to learners for this reason. However, we still have to practice documenting so that those skills are practiced for the lab experiences when technology will not be there as a coach.

In the previous section, You identified the variables you studied in the lab. Now, take some time to fully define and describe each variable and how it was changed throughout the lab.

As already stated, the variables for this lab were the new diuretic drug, salt loss, and urine output in the kidney. Diuretic drugs are the first-line treatment for hypertension. This experiment aimed to determine the influence of the diuretic drug on salt loss and urine output, hence selecting the mode of action of the new diuretic drug. The experiment mainly involved perfusing a kidney from a dissected rat to test the hypotheses concerning the probable mechanism of the new drug.

In 3-5 sentences, summarize what you did during the lab, not including your logging process into the system. This section would be much more robust for a non-virtual lab. For this virtual lab, a short, high-level summary will suffice.

The lab experiment involved four significant steps: exploring the kidney structure, perfusing a kidney, performing a radioimmunoassay, and testing the hypotheses. The functions of different renal structures were also explored when exploring the kidney structure. Next, a kidney from a dissected rat was perfused to test the hypotheses concerning the mechanism of the new diuretic. Next, a radioimmunoassay was performed on a section of a nephron. Finally, the hypotheses were tested using the 3D hologram and the collected data.

Describe some of the observations you made. What numbers did you write down or keep track of? What did each of your senses observe during the lab process? What did you see (ex, changes in colors, movement, shapes, sizes, patterns)? What did you hear (ex, sounds from reactions, collisions, error messages)? What did your lab character touch? Did you notice anything that seemed unexpected? Did you see anything that you did not expect to observe?

I observed the structure and functions of parts of the kidney: cortex, medulla, and nephron. The lab simulation utilized eye-catching diagrams to illustrate these structures and their functions. In addition, I kept track of the data from the reabsorption experiment for later analysis. Further, my lab character could touch the LabPad and various tools like the scalpel and dissect the rat. Also, I noticed that the lab utilized a CT scan, which was intriguing and unexpected.

Which parts of the lab required you to think more than others and needed more time? Which parts were simple and completed efficiently?

Working out the reabsorbed fluid rate equation required more time than the other parts. Nonetheless, I believe all parts of the lab were easy to complete, especially the part about dissecting the rat.

DATA & RESULTS

Many lessons learned as a result of scientific experiments come from the reporting and analysis of data. This part of scientific reporting requires detailed descriptions of technical information and quantities and a high-level synthesis of information. High-level synthesis involves a mastery of foundational content in the related scientific field and a complimentary mastery in some quantitative and qualitative analysis fields. For this report, let’s focus on significant picture patterns.

What relationships did you notice between the variables you examined? When you changed the variable(s), how did the other(s) change?

I noticed that the new diuretic drug decreased blood pressure but also increased urine output and loss of salts like sodium ions.

Did you notice any patterns in your data? Are there any patterns between the variables?

I did not notice any patterns in my data.

DISCUSSION

The discussion section explains why things might have happened the way they did in your experiment. Here, scientists describe potential anomalies or mistakes and why they think they may have occurred.

During your lab, what happened that might have impacted the accuracy of your data? Did the simulation alert you that an error was occurring? If so, how did you resolve it?

During the lab, I interacted with the LabPad; hence, I believe I followed all the procedures accurately. Therefore, I think I did not encounter anything that might have impacted the accuracy of my data. Besides, the simulation did not alert me of any error.

CONCLUSION

The conclusion section of a lab report describes how the learnings from the lab experimentation fit into prior scientific knowledge. This is done by comparing new information to previously known information identified in your report’s section that discusses background information.

Review the hypothesis section of your report from above and describe how the results of your lab compare to the background information you discussed before.

My hypothesis stated, “the new diuretic drug will decrease blood pressure (hypertension) but also increase urine output and loss of salts like sodium ions.” After testing this hypothesis, I found the theory to be true. Remarkably, the background information also informs that diuretics stimulate the release of salt ions like sodium from the body and trigger increased urination. As a result, they decrease the blood volume and blood pressure. This explains why the new diuretic drug candidate reduced the blood pressure and resulted in increased urine output and loss of salt ions.

Once scientists have identified how the new knowledge fits into the old knowledge, they discuss the implications of the further information for moving forward. In this class, the study aims to learn foundational science ideas represented by the course student learning outcomes. Review the course student learning outcome aligned to this lab in the assignment directions in Blackboard. How is the information from this lab related to the course student learning outcome? What knowledge has the lab supported you with learning associated with this course’s student learning outcome?

This lab experiment relates to the course student learning outcomes concerning understanding human body systems. Notably, knowledge gained from the lab experience includes understanding the relationship between the kidney tubules and the circulatory system, analyzing data for calculating GFR, perfusing renal tubules and calculating liquid absorption rates, understanding the epithelial transport mechanism in the kidney, and using experimental data to evaluate the mode of action of diuretics. This information was essential in understanding the anatomy of the kidney and, generally, the urinary system.

Following scientific experimentation, scientists usually develop new questions from what they learned. These further questions often end up leading to new experiments in the future. What additional scientific things do you wonder about after completing and writing about your lab experience?

Diuretics are the first-line treatment for hypertension, yet they exhibit effects like increased urine output and loss of salts. What can be done to counteract these effects? Or can scientists develop other first-line treatment(s) with no such effects?

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In science, reporting what has been done in a laboratory setting is incredibly important for communicating, replicating, and validating findings. However, writing scientific reports can be a little overwhelming. The scientific community requires a set of agreed-upon components when reporting scientific experimentation. Answer the following questions to describe what occurred during your Lab in Labster. Be sure to use complete sentences and descriptions that fully represent what you experienced. Writing a lab report is less about being correct or incorrect than accurately reporting what happened and why. So, do not worry about reporting data that might seem counterintuitive or unexpected. Focus on clearly communicating what you did and what you observed.

TITLE:

What was the title of the LLab you completed?

PROBLEM:

What was the problem you were trying to resolve in the lab?

HYPOTHESIS:

What information from the textbook and classroom is relevant to the problem you were trying to resolve in the LLab? Identify the concepts and explain how they are related to the lab problem.

During the LLab, what information from the THEORY section provided additional background information about the problem? (To review the theory section, launch the lab and click the “Theory” tab on the top of the data pad). Identify the concepts and explain how they are related to the lab problem.

Most scientific experimentation involves examining variables and their relationships. A variable is a construct that can be changed and studied. Examples of variables are a condition or measurable quantity. What are the variables you examined in the LLab? Which one were you controlling and changing? Which one were you observing was impacted by your change?

Developing a hypothesis requires understanding relevant background knowledge. Now that you have described relevant background information, it is time to create a hypothesis. A hypothesis is a simple statement (not a question) grounded in previous research that predicts the relationship between the variables being studied. Please make a statement that indicates the relationship between the variables being studied.

METHOD:

Describing what you did during a lab supports other scientists in replicating your work. Through this consistent replication, scientists can see repeating patterns and develop ideas that help move science forward. When you discuss your data in a later section, you will have to describe your choices, why you made them, and any concerns about unexpected things that occurred. It would be best to keep detailed notes to have enough information. What doesn’t seem important at the moment may end up being something that explains your findings later. Controlling many potential errors is a benefit of conducting virtual labs when learning science. The virtual lab environment will often alert you if something is not going as it should. This does not occur in non-virtual settings. The virtual lab setting can be conducive to learners for this reason. However, we still have to practice documenting so that those skills are practiced for the lab experiences when technology will not be there as a coach.

In the previous section, you identified the variables you studied in the LLab. Now, take some time to fully define and describe each variable and how it was changed throughout the LLab.

In 3-5 sentences, summarize what you did during the LLab, not including your logging process into the system. This section would be much more robust for a non-virtual lab. For this virtual LLab, a short, high-level summary will suffice.

Describe some of the observations you made. What numbers did you write down or keep track of? What did each of your senses observe during the lab process? What did you see (ex, changes in colors, movement, shapes, sizes, patterns)? What did you hear (ex, sounds from reactions, collisions, error messages)? What did your lab character touch? Did you notice anything that seemed unexpected? Did you see anything that you did not expect to observe?

Which parts of the LLab required you to think more than others and needed more time? Which parts were simple and completed efficiently?

DATA & RESULTS:

Many lessons learned as a result of scientific experiments come from the reporting and analysis of data. This part of scientific reporting requires detailed descriptions of technical information and quantities and a high-level synthesis of information. High-level synthesis involves a mastery of foundational content in the related scientific field and a complimentary mastery in some quantitative and qualitative analysis fields. For this report, let’s focus on big-picture patterns.

What relationships did you notice between the variables you examined? When you changed the variable(s), how did the other(s) change?

Did you notice any patterns in your data? Are there any patterns between the variables?

DISCUSSION:

The discussion section explains why things might have happened the way they did in your experiment. Here, scientists describe potential anomalies or mistakes and why they think they may have occurred.

During your LLab, what happened that might have impacted the accuracy of your data? Did the simulation alert you that an error was occurring? If so, how did you resolve it?

CONCLUSION:

The conclusion section of a lab report describes how the learnings from the lab experimentation fit into prior scientific knowledge. This is done by comparing new information to previously known information identified in your report’s section that discusses background information.

Review the hypothesis section of your report from above and describe how the results of your LLab compare to the background information you discussed before.

Once scientists have identified how the new knowledge fits into the old knowledge, they discuss the implications of the further information for moving forward. In this class, the study aims to learn foundational science ideas represented by the course student learning outcomes. Review the course student learning outcome aligned to this LLab in the assignment directions in Blackboard. How is the information from this LLab related to the course student learning outcome? What knowledge has the LLab supported you with learning related to this course’s student learning outcome?

Following scientific experimentation, scientists usually develop new questions from what they learned. These further questions often end up leading to new experiments in the future. What additional scientific things do you wonder about after completing and writing about your lab experience?