Psychological Testing

Psychological Testing

Validity refers to the level of accuracy of a research method in measuring what it is intended to measure. On the other hand, reliability refers to the extent to which the results are consistent. Validity and reliability are related in that validity guarantee reliability. However, there are instances when there may be reliability without validity. From the previous readings this semester, validity occurs when the test is developed to measure what it is intended to measure. In the health care system, there is no psychological test that is both valid and reliable. Reliability measures how often the test yields consistent results when taken by the same person (Mohajan, 2017). Reliability is evaluated by determining the consistency over time and by different people. Validity is evaluated by determining how accurately the results correspond to other measures of a similar concept.

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In my submission in the court case, I would argue based on the clinical or forensic psychologist’s reputation determining and reading the results. If their reputation is questionable, then I would have no option but to argue about the period when the particular test was used in the clinical setting. I would also provide various organizations that apply this similar test and the relevant statistics about their employees’ morale and turnover.

I would give some examples of my former employers who used this test and give statistics of the output and their implications on its employees’ morale. I would also show recruits from the human resource dockets of companies with successful recruitment from a given test to give testimonies. Then I would explain that the workforce’s constant turnover can be costly and time-consuming. Money is allocated to recruit the labor force and train them for about three months to realize that the recruits did not have what the organization was looking for in this case. Further, I would point out that the work is left to other talented employees, which derails their morale.

I would also point out that psychological testing is undertaken to make proper decisions regarding employee hiring, which is essential to the economy. If we used these tests, we would require financial capabilities to hire psychologists from outside to assess psychological tests to keep biases and protect the organization from such an unfortunate state of lawsuits. Finally, I would close by giving the benefits that can arise from the tests. Reduced risks to the organization help minimize the workers’ challenges, Help to do away with workers that cannot work under pressure.

Benefits

Psychological tests minimize the risks of the organization being sued (Daharnis & Ardi, 2017). One significant benefit is that it can help minimize employee challenges. Psychological tests can be helpful for vacancies with higher pressure, such as law enforcement and firefighting because the tests can determine one’s ability to work under pressure. Such an assessment can help an organization to hire suitable personnel. Psychological tests are not independently valid since the test’s validity at a given time or sitting is suspect.

Your readings this week cover psychological disorders impacting individuals across the lifespan. How do you see personality disorders as similar and different from those disorders specifically affecting elderly adults? Considering these disorders and those most likely to be affected, what connections can you make? What multicultural factors do you think are relevant here? Lastly, as we did in Week 4, use the APUS library databases to find a scholarly article that examines some aspects of one of these disorders in more detail. Upload a copy of it, and discuss its findings (and your views of them) here.

Many psychological disorders affect older people as compared to other age groups. The most common psychological disorders among older adults are depression, dementia, anxiety disorders, and eating disorders (Huang, Wang, Wang, Liu, Yu, Yan & Wang, 2019). Personality disorders are similar to other psychological disorders affecting the elderly in that they all affect how they interact with other people, including their relationships with family, partners, and friends. Additionally, both personality and psychological disorders in elderly adults impair social functioning, involve feelings and thoughts, and cause others’ problems. On the other hand, the significant difference between personality disorder and other psychological disorders in elderly adults is the difference in symptom patterns. All other psychological disorders in adults have prominent mood swings, which are periods of highs and lows, while in personality disorder, the mood swings are rare, and they are not the main symptom.

Psychological disorders affecting elderly adults, such as depression, harm the immune system and enhance disease susceptibility.

On the other hand, personality disorders rarely have any impact on the immune system. People with anxiety problems usually understand that they have a problem. However, they cannot solve it, while people with personality disorders rarely know that they have a problem, and so all believe they do not have to try to control something that is not there in the first place. Unlike personality disorders which affect behavior, mood, and thinking, dementia manifests through memory loss, personality changes, and impaired reasoning.

Psychological disorders are related and affect each other. The social factors and genetic environment influence whether or not the individual develops these psychological disorders. Environmental factors, including low diet, exposure to toxins, and head injuries, promote the likelihood of developing mental illness in the adult elderly. Social construction also has an impact on the likelihood of causing psychological disorders. The multicultural factors influencing psychological disorders include race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, language, and gender.

APUS Scholarly article Dementia by Clive Holmes and Jay Amin

https://www-sciencedirect-com.ezproxy1.apus.edu/science/article/pii/S1357303916301670?via%3Dihub

The article “Dementia” by Clive Holmes and JayAmin explores the psychological disorder called dementia. According to the authors, this brain disease affects over six hundred and seventy thousand people across the United Kingdom. The article reveals that the primary cause of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease. The other causes of dementia are vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies. Dementia management is focused on helping patients deal with physical dependence and coping with neuropsychiatric symptoms (Holmes, C, and Jay A (2016). The treatment of this disease focuses on neurochemical changes. N-methyl-D-aspartate, as well as Cholinesterase inhibitors, helps to minimize the cognitive decline due to Alzheimer’s disease. The article concludes that neuropsychiatric symptoms are usually hindered by adverse effects or low efficacy of the treatment.

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References

Mohajan, H. K. (2017). Two criteria for good measurements in research: Validity and reliability. Annals of Spiru Haret University. Economic Series, 17(4), 59-82.

Huang, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, H., Liu, Z., Yu, X., Yan, J., … & Wang, Z. (2019). Prevalence of mental disorders in China: a cross-sectional epidemiological study. The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(3), 211-224.

Holmes, C, and Jay A (2016). “Dementia.” Medicine 44.11:687–690. Web

Daharnis, D., & Ardi, Z. (2017, December). The Use of” Psychological Tests” for Early Childhood. In International Conference of Early Childhood Education (ICECE 2017). Atlantis Press.

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Psychological Testing

Imagine you are a consultant for a company that uses psychological tests to predict how successful job applicants might be on the job. The test is being challenged in the courts.  Discuss the types of evidence you would use to defend the test. In your response, consider the concepts of reliability and validity and how they relate.