Psychiatric Evaluation and Evidence-Based Rating Scales

Psychiatric Evaluation and Evidence-Based Rating Scales

The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) is a psychiatric assessment tool used to diagnose schizophrenia and determine a schizophrenic patient’s response to treatment. PANSS is also used to determine the severity of schizophrenia in a patient (Demyttenaere et al., 2022). PANSS psychiatric interview requires 45 to 50 minutes for a practical session. The essential components of the PANSS psychiatric interview include a positive scale, general psychopathology scale, and negative scale. The positive and negative scales each have a maximum score of 49 and a minimum score of 7. In contrast, the general psychopathology scale has a maximum score of 112 and a minimum score of 16 (Demyttenaere et al., 2022). The general psychopathology scale includes tension, disorientation, active social avoidance, motor retardation, somatic concern, guilty feelings, lack of judgment and insight, preoccupation, disorientation, anxiety, uncooperativeness, posturing and mannerisms, unusual thought content, depression, poor impulse control, motor retardation, poor attention, and disturbance of volition.

Negative PANSS scale includes poor rapport, stereotyped thinking, social withdrawal, blunted affect, difficulty in abstract thinking, emotional withdrawal, and lack of flow of conversation (Czobor et al., 2022). A positive PANSS scale involves hostility, delusions, excitement, conceptual disorganization, persecution, hallucinations, and grandiosity (Demyttenaere et al., 2022). PANSS has a maximum total score of 210 and a minimum total score of 30; therefore, a patient cannot have a score of less than 30 (Nielsen et al., 2022). The negative, positive, and general psychopathology scales are assessed separately, and then their scores are combined. Psychiatric nurse practitioners use PANSS to assess the severity of symptoms in schizophrenic patients. Patients who have already been diagnosed with schizophrenia are scheduled for reviews to assess their response to medications. During the review, PANSS compares the patient’s current symptoms severity and initial assessment. The patient’s present scale shows whether they are positively responding to their treatment plan.

References

Czobor, P., Sebe, B., Acsai, K., Barabássy, Á., Laszlovszky, I., Németh, G., Furukawa, T. A., & Leucht, S. (2022). What Is the Minimum Clinically Important Change in Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia? PANSS Based Post-hoc Analyses of a Phase III Clinical Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, 816339. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.816339.

Demyttenaere, K., Leenaerts, N., Acsai, K., Sebe, B., Laszlovszky, I., Barabássy, Á., Fonticoli, L., Szatmári, B., Earley, W., Németh, G., & Correll, C. U. (2021). Disentangling the symptoms of schizophrenia: Network analysis in acute phase patients and in patients with predominantly negative symptoms. European Psychiatry: The Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists, 65(1), e18. https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2241.

Nielsen, C. M., Kølbæk, P., Dines, D., Pedersen, M. L., Danielsen, A. A., Holmgård, C., Wissing, S., Esbøl, A. M., Fuglsang, N. F. B., Nguyen, T. D., Mors, O., Opler, M., Correll, C. U., & Østergaard, S. D. (2022). Validation of ratings on the six-item Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale obtained via the Simplified Negative and Positive Symptoms Interview among outpatients with schizophrenia. Journal of Psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 36(11), 1208–1217. https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811221131992.

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Post a brief explanation of three important components of the psychiatric interview and why you consider these elements important. Explain the psychometric properties of the rating scale you were assigned. Explain when it is appropriate to use this rating scale with clients during the psychiatric interview and how the scale is helpful to a nurse practitioner’s psychiatric assessment. Support your approach with evidence-based literature.

Psychiatric Evaluation and Evidence-Based Rating Scales

Adams – CAGE questionnaire
Afolabi – CRAFFT Screening TEst

Alonso – Vanderbilt ADHD Rating Scale

Appiadu – Childhoold Autism Rating Scale (CARS)

Butler – Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST)

Byrd – Beck Anxiety Inventory
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7

Cortez – Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM A)

Dorta – Panic Disorder Severity Scale

Duporte – Zung Self Rating Anxiety Scale

Gonzalez – Mini Mental State Examination

Henry – Montreal Cognitive Assessment

Hernandez – Beck Depression Inventory

Koontz – Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale

Lindo – Major Depression Inventory (MDI)
Llorens – Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDI)

Lozano – Young Mania Rating Scale

Nunez – Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale

Peterson – Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS)

Rodriguez – Barnes Akathisia Scale

Ruiz – Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS)

Silva – Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ9)

Smith – The Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (CIWA)

Westry and Wilcher- Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS)