Peptic Ulcers and Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
A peptic ulcer is a condition whereby ulcers or sores develop in the lining of the digestive tract, specifically in the oesophagus, the stomach, or the duodenum (Sverdén et al., 2019). In a healthy digestive tract, the lining is normally covered by a thick mucus protecting it from being corroded by digestive juices like hydrochloric acid. However, there are several factors that lead to the reduction of this protective barrier. In peptic ulcers, the primary cause of this is a bacterial infection. An example of this bacterial infection is Helicobacter pylori (Huang et al., 2002). This bacterium attaches itself to the mucus layer and causes inflammation, which then breaks down the mucus layer, opening up the lining to digestive juices like hydrochloric acid. Secondly, frequently taking painkillers, like aspirin and ibuprofen, can also bring about peptic ulcers because these painkillers wear away the mucus layer (Ussai et al., 2015). Prevention of peptic ulcers is through taking antibiotics for Helicobacter pylori and finding alternatives to the medication mentioned above or protective measures in case the alternative medication is not an option. Additional preventative measures include smoking cessation and moderating alcohol consumption.
The main similarity between type 1 and type 2 diabetes is that there is Toomuc glucose in a person’s blood. The major contrast between type 1 and type 2 diabetes lies in their cause; while type 1 is a genetic condition, type 2 is primarily lifestyle-related (Cervin et al., 2008). In type 1 diabetes, the body undergoes autoimmunity, whereby it attacks the pancreas cells, rendering them useless in insulin production. Type 2 diabetes means the pancreas cells cannot produce enough insulin, or the insulin produced does not work properly. Type 1 diabetes is not preventable since it’s genetic and is managed by taking insulin. Contrastingly, type 2 can be managed and even put an individual to remission through medication, exercise, proper diet, and, in extreme cases, prescribed insulin (Cervin et al., 2008). Preventative strategies for type 2 diabetes include eating healthy meals, maintaining healthy body weight, and exercising.
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References
Cervin, C., Lyssenko, V., Bakhtadze, E., Lindholm, E., Nilsson, P., Tuomi, T., & Groop, L. (2008). Genetic similarities between latent autoimmune diabetes in adults type 1 diabetes, and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, 57(5), 1433-1437.
Huang, J. Q., Sridhar, S., & Hunt, R. H. (2002). Role of Helicobacter pylori infection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in peptic ulcer disease: a meta-analysis. The Lancet, 359(9300), 14-22.
Sverdén, E., Agréus, L., Dunn, J. M., & Lagergren, J. (2019). Peptic ulcer disease. Bmj, 367.
Ussai, S., Miceli, L., Pisa, F. E., Bednarova, R., Giordano, A., Della Rocca, G., & Petelin, R. (2015). Impact of potential inappropriate NSAIDs use in chronic pain. Drug design, development and therapy, 9, 2073.
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Define peptic ulcer. What are the aetiology and symptoms? How can you prevent it?
Peptic Ulcers and Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
2. Compare and contrast type 1 and type 2 diabetes. How can you prevent type 2 diabetes?
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