Patient-Centered Care-Quality Factors

The World Health Organization (2019) often considers patient safety a global concern involving every healthcare member. This means that attaining a high level of safe, quality and patient-centered care is everyone’s responsibility, especially nurses. Factors such as technology, shared decision-making, collaboration, communication laws, regulations, and policies play an integral role in promoting safe, quality, patient-centred care. Technology has played an important role in spearheading changes in healthcare that have promoted the safety and quality of care offered to patients. Communication facilitates better care and satisfaction among caregivers as well as patients. Evidence-based and informed care can be offered through shared decision-making where the healthcare practitioners collaborate to ensure person-centred care. Collaboration between patients and caregivers, staff and patients, and with insurance companies is also important as it provides a clearer pathway to ensure quality care is administered to patients and helps in accountability and role clarity. Laws, regulations, and policies also play an important role in guiding desired outcomes, and they also help in making ethical and legal decisions. With these laws, policies, and regulations, healthcare practitioners are guided on how they should act while avoiding legal and ethical repercussions that might be detrimental to their careers, the health of the patients, and the general welfare of the healthcare organization.

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Technology helps contribute to these by facilitating communication between caregivers. Communication errors are among the most common factors contributing to the occurrence of adverse events. Therefore, technologies like electronic health records help lessen such errors by compiling and maintaining every patient’s health information, making them easily accessible and improving the safety of care. Technology also lessens medication errors. Prescribing errors are also common medical errors with serious complications. Electronic prescribing helps reduce such errors by enabling clinicians to send prescriptions electronically to pharmacists, and technologies like the bar code medication administration can help prevent errors by making certain that the right patient gets the right medication at the intended time (Alotaibi & Federico, 2017; Astier et al., 2020). Technology also improves access to information, hence providing clinicians with a range of drug-reference information or information about a patient, and this information is available in hand-held devices that clinicians can easily gain access to. Generally, Astier et al. (2020) claim that technological changes and innovations can improve patient safety by introducing medication alerts, automating tasks, introducing clinical reminders, facilitating information sharing, making complete patient data available, enhancing clinical decision-making, and improving clinical decision-making.

Effective communication, collaboration, and shared decision-making are important in facilitating safe, quality, and patient-centered care. Ineffective communication has been linked with delayed treatment, patient injury, medication errors, misdiagnosis, patient injury, and, in extreme cases, death (Foronda, MacWilliams & McArthur, 2016).

Nurses have often served a subservient role to other physicians, and this disempowers them and could lessen their confidence. Acknowledging their ability to view patients holistically is important. Nurses often struggle with best practices in communication because of the hierarchical structure, fear of humiliation, egos, and feelings of being undervalued (Foronda, MacWilliams & McArthur, 2016). Such factors could result in ineffective communication, which impedes effective inter-professional collaboration. When such factors are dealt with, collaboration coupled with effective communication enables members to resolve conflicts effectively, make shared decisions that help everyone to feel valued, and make it possible for every member involved to have a shared purpose of ensuring person-centered care. Furthermore, collaboration helps healthcare professionals prevent medication errors, enhance patient experience and improve general patient outcomes, which are factors that lessen healthcare costs and ensure quality, safe, cost-effective, and person-centered care (Bosch & Mansell, 2015). Collaboration also improves the trust and confidence of healthcare practitioners and helps in role clarity, hence increasing accountability, minimizing confusion, and minimizing the possibility of errors (Morley & Cashell, 2017).

Effective communication and collaboration also create room for shared decision-making. This helps everyone to be on the same page in regard to the method and plan of treatment to be used on patients (Smith, 2016). Shared decision-making also enables evidence and the preferences of patients to be incorporated into consultation, hence improving patient knowledge, patient-clinician communication, and risk perception accuracy. It also helps to lessen decisional conflicts and inappropriate application of treatments and tests and reduces feelings of being uninformed.

Collaboration and communication between healthcare workers increase job satisfaction among the members and reduce extra work. Engaging patients in their treatment plans and processes effectively promotes patient satisfaction and improves their perception of care. This is often done through communication and collaboration with them. Nurses play an important role as the link between patients and other caregivers, patients’ families, and insurance companies. Nurses better understand the patient’s needs, which helps them advocate for their needs during the care process. The quality and safety of care is improved in the process. A collaborative and inter-professional team generally supports safe and high-quality care, improves staff and patient satisfaction as well as engagement, and improves organizational innovation and efficiency (Morley & Cashell, 2017). To improve the quality and safety of care and ensure person-centered care, it is important to ensure effective communication, collaboration, shared decision-making, use appropriate technology, and adhere to the relevant laws, policies, and regulations. Constant training and simulations can help improve the skills of healthcare workers in collaboration, communication, use of technologies, and adherence to various laws, policies, and regulations.

References

Alotaibi, Y. K., & Federico, F. (2017). The impact of health information technology on patient safety. Saudi medical journal, 38(12), 1173-1180.

Astier, A., Carlet, J., Hoppe-Tichy, T., Jacklin, A., Jeanes, A., McManus, S., … & Fitzpatrick, R. (2020). What is the role of technology in improving patient safety? A French, German and UK healthcare professional perspective. Journal of Patient Safety and Risk Management, 25(6), 219-224.

Bosch, B., & Mansell, H. (2015). Interprofessional collaboration in health care: Lessons to be learned from competitive sports. Canadian Pharmacists Journal/Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada, 148(4), 176-179.

Foronda, C., MacWilliams, B., & McArthur, E. (2016). Interprofessional communication in healthcare: An integrative review. Nurse education in practice, 19, 36-40.

Morley, L., & Cashell, A. (2017). Collaboration in health care. Journal of medical imaging and radiation sciences, 48(2), 207-216.

Smith, M. A. (2016). The role of shared decision making in patient-centered care and orthopaedics. Orthopaedic Nursing, 35(3), 144-149.

World Health Organization. (2019 September 13). Patient Safety. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/patient-safety

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