Navigating Childhood Disorders- An Annotated Bibliography of Current Research

Navigating Childhood Disorders- An Annotated Bibliography of Current Research

Anxiety disorders remain one of the most common psychiatric illnesses among children and adolescents. Traditionally thought to be benign, these disorders are disruptive, often affecting the social, academic, and family functioning of the affected child or teen. People with anxiety often suffer from low self-esteem. This disorder also remains a modifiable risk factor for other medical problems such as depression, heart disease, and diabetes, among others. This paper annotates three sources on anxiety centered on the thematic concerns of management and the epidemiology of anxiety disorders.

Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents

Racine, N., McArthur, B. A., Cooke, J. E., Eirich, R., Zhu, J., & Madigan, S. (2021). Global prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents during COVID-19. JAMA Pediatrics, 175(11), 1142. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.2482

This article is centered on childhood and adolescent anxiety. It explores the global prevalence of clinically relevant anxiety and depression among children and adolescents and whether the demographic parameters of age, sex, and geographical location are factors in the variation of the prevalence rates. According to the author, the recent COVID pandemic led to dramatic disruptions in the way of life of communities across the globe. Some of these disruptions were evident in the health and wellness of these communities, with some demonstrating particularly higher variance in the incidence of various illnesses.

As per the author’s findings, the global prevalence of anxiety and depression among children and adolescents increased compared to pre-pandemic levels. The implications of the increased prevalence of these illnesses are expected to be felt in healthcare systems across the globe. The author forecasts an influx in the utilization of mental healthcare resources in the years after the pandemic. Increasing the allocation of resources to mental healthcare may help guarantee healthier communities in the wake of the growing prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders among children and adolescents.

This article is a meta-analysis seeking to ascertain the precise estimates of the prevalence of anxiety and depression among children and adolescents across the globe. Findings from the article show the global position on mental healthcare by detailing the impact of the recent pandemic on the prevalence of anxiety and depression. It also demonstrates the implications of the growing prevalence of anxiety and depression on mental healthcare resources. These findings can be used to inform quality enhancement in mental healthcare. By ascertaining the prevalence of these illnesses, healthcare systems across the globe are better positioned to respond to any variations, thereby enabling the continuity of quality care.

Walter, H. J., Bukstein, O. G., Abright, A. R., Keable, H., Ramtekkar, U., Ripperger-Suhler, J., & Rockhill, C. (2020). Clinical practice guideline for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 59(10), 1107–1124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2020.05.005

This article is based on the comprehensive management of anxiety disorders. It details the clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. According to the author, anxiety disorders are common presentations in children and adolescents. Comprehensive management of these disorders requires accurate diagnosis and distinction of the anxiety type involved, as well as the observance of best practices when managing these illnesses. Diagnostic evaluation is the first step in managing these disorders. A combination of subjective and objective findings and findings from various screening tools and the DSM-V manual is necessary for the accurate diagnosis of anxiety disorders.

As per the findings, a combination of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy is utilizable in managing anxiety disorders. Empirical findings support the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cognitive behavioral therapy in the management of anxiety disorders. These modalities are safe and effective in alleviating anxiety symptoms. Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are effective alternatives to SSRIs.

This article is a mixed-method paper employing systematic reviews and expert options. Therapeutic modalities recommended by the author are based on systematic review articles on the management of anxiety disorders. This article gives a systematic guide used in managing anxiety disorders. It highlights safe and effective therapeutic modalities utilizable in the pediatric and adolescent population. In the pursuit of quality mental healthcare, these findings give insight into best practices in the management of anxiety spectrum disorders.

Zhou, X., Zhang, Y., Furukawa, T. A., Cuijpers, P., Pu, J., Weisz, J. R., Yang, L., Hetrick, S. E., Del Giovane, C., Cohen, D., James, A. C., Yuan, S., Whittington, C., Jiang, X., Teng, T., Cipriani, A., & Xie, P. (2019). Different types and acceptability of psychotherapies for acute anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. JAMA Psychiatry, 76(1), 41. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3070

This paper details aspects of the comprehensive management of anxiety disorders. It is aimed at comparing and ranking different psychotherapeutic modalities utilizable in children and adolescents and how to deliver them. According to the author, psychotherapeutic interventions are the first line in the management of anxiety disorders. However, there are significant uncertainties on the optimal modality to be used for these populations.

As per the findings, group CBT remains the most effective psychotherapeutic modality in the management of anxiety disorder among children and adolescents. This approach maintains effectiveness in alleviating anxiety symptoms and was found to have a high acceptability among children and adolescents. Notwithstanding, other psychotherapy delivery modalities are equally efficacious and can be used as alternatives to group CBT.

This paper is a systematic review utilizing randomized control studies to inform its findings. It gives insight into which modality to opt for when managing children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. Findings from this article can be used to inform treatment optimization in anxiety management. As a cost reduction and outcome optimization measure, selecting the most acceptable, most appropriate, and effective modality remains a best practice in the comprehensive management of anxiety disorders (Lopes et al., 2021). This further highlights the relevance of this article.

 References

Lopes, R. C. T., Šipka, D., Krieger, T., Klein, J. P., & Berger, T. (2021). Optimizing cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder and understanding the mechanisms of change: Study protocol for a randomized factorial trial. Internet Interventions, 26, 100480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100480

Racine, N., McArthur, B. A., Cooke, J. E., Eirich, R., Zhu, J., & Madigan, S. (2021). Global prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents during COVID-19. JAMA Pediatrics, 175(11), 1142. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.2482

Walter, H. J., Bukstein, O. G., Abright, A. R., Keable, H., Ramtekkar, U., Ripperger-Suhler, J., & Rockhill, C. (2020). Clinical practice guideline for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 59(10), 1107–1124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2020.05.005

Zhou, X., Zhang, Y., Furukawa, T. A., Cuijpers, P., Pu, J., Weisz, J. R., Yang, L., Hetrick, S. E., Del Giovane, C., Cohen, D., James, A. C., Yuan, S., Whittington, C., Jiang, X., Teng, T., Cipriani, A., & Xie, P. (2019). Different types and acceptability of psychotherapies for acute anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. JAMA Psychiatry, 76(1), 41. https://doi.org/10.1001/

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Instructions
Annotated Bibliography
In this assignment, you will choose a disorder diagnosed in children or adolescents and review current research. You will provide a critical evaluation of that research by creating an annotated bibliography.
This assignment will help you prepare for writing your literature review in week 5.

The main topic
The focus or thesis of the journal article
The argument that the author is making and its relevance to your focal question
The type of article—published, original research, meta-analysis, or reflection piece
The key findings of the study
Correlation with course material
The annotated bibliography will be used as a part of the literature review for your course project due in Week 5.
Write a 2-paragraph summary for each article.
Write a 1- to 2-paragraph analysis and evaluation for each article.
Integrate what you learned in your course readings in that analysis.