Muscles of the Arms and Hands Used During Driving

Muscles of the Arms and Hands Used During Driving

How arm muscles contract and move on a small scale during driving.

For functionality, muscles require a signal or innervation to be transmitted from the brain through the motor neuron to the muscle fiber. The junction between muscle fiber and the motor neuron is known as a neuromuscular junction. In the arm, the neuromuscular junction acts as a chemical synapse, which converts the electrical impulses produced by the motor neuron into electrical activity in the muscle fibers (Witzemann 2006). While driving, moving an arm requires the brain to send signals to the muscles of the arm, causing them to contract. The brain sends hold – signals to hold the arm still in the desired position. The part of the brain responsible for these calculated arm movements is called the primary motor cortex. Our assignment writing help is at affordable prices to students of all academic levels and academic disciplines.

Muscle forces that occur during driving are not known yet; however, the most active muscle during driving is the middle deltoid (acromial fibers originating from the superior surface of the scapula); the muscle contracts to maintain the arm in a raised position, holding on to the steering wheel using the extension (Pandis et al., 2015). The musculocutaneous nerve is responsible for the innervation of the biceps muscle fibers, while the radial nerve is for triceps muscle fibers. The long head of the biceps and the supraspinatus (the muscle that runs from the scapula to the humerus), which also centralizes the humeral head on the glenoid, support the action of the middle deltoid. The short head of the triceps and the infraspinatus work to actuate the task of steering, extending the arm, and flexing the shoulder, respectively (Pandis et al., 2015). The nerve suprascapular supplies both the infraspinatus and suprascapular muscle fibers with electrical signals to conduct these actions.

In conclusion, for all these muscles to function properly, an electric impulse has to be generated in the brain travel through the motor neuron and across the neuromuscular junction to the muscle fiber. Upon reaching the muscle fiber, the electrical impulse causes the fibers to contract or relax, controlling the arm’s movement in response to the stimulus of driving.

References

Witzemann, V. (2006). Development of the neuromuscular junction. Cell and tissue research, 326(2), 263-271.

Pandis, P., Prinold, J. A., & Bull, A. M. (2015). Shoulder muscle forces during driving: Sudden steering can load the rotator cuff beyond its repair limit. Clinical Biomechanics, 30(8), 839-846.

Anatomy and Physiology 1

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Let’s continue thinking about the muscles and movement you wrote about in the previous module. Now, let’s zoom in, and you can write about how the muscles contract and move on a smaller scale.

Muscles of the Arms and Hands Used During Driving

Using the same activity you wrote about in Module 4, write about the neuromuscular junction. Name the structures and their functions. Describe muscle neurons muscle fibers, and how all of these create the movements needed for the activity.