Investigating Quantum Computing’s Quest for Practical Supremacy

Investigating Quantum Computing’s Quest for Practical Supremacy

Problem Summary

The health sector is one of the sectors in which technological advancement has proven phenomenal. The drastic improvements in technology have made complex health procedures possible and with increased safety. However, there is always room for innovation and further improvements. The imaging sector is a crucial department since it guides other treatment procedures. However, despite the advancements in technology, X-rays have not been able to conduct an image with the spatiality and precision of electrons. This necessitates the improvement of imaging resolutions and X-ray techniques. This is why scientists have innovated X-ray techniques such as X-ray tomography, which makes it possible to capture the inside of materials non-invasively. Therefore, this article focuses on methods to improve X-ray nanotomography resolution without destroying the material the physician is looking at (Salles, 2021). The target is achieving 10 nanometers or even better resolution and precision. Additionally, other than the resolution, sample drift and deformation are other problems that hinder capturing and analysis. The deformation and sample drift is caused by the movement of samples within the beam. The article also sheds light on the algorithm that can compensate for deformation and drift.

Hypothesis

Null Hypothesis: The new method does not greatly improve X-ray nanotomography resolution

Alternative Hypothesis: The new method greatly improves X-ray nanotomography resolution

 Data and Analysis

To confirm or refute the hypotheses, 10 nanometers or less was the standard test for effectiveness. The main method employed was experimental testing of procedures and equipment for their effectiveness in achieving the targeted efficiency and resolution and analyzing the data metrics obtained. In the first experiment, a group of scientists led by the US Department of Energy (DOE) focused on creating a method that would improve resolution and X-ray imaging on a scale of nanometers (Salles, 2021). The team built a high-resolution X-ray using Advanced Photon Source (APS) and computer algorithms to compensate for issues encountered at small scales. When the 3D reconstruction methods were applied, a 16-range nanometer range was achieved. When using the computer algorithm, the nanometers were reduced to 10. Several ways were used to test the effectiveness of the equipment; 2D and 3D images were captured in an actual electromagnetic energy storage device and a tiny plate with 16-nanometer-wide features (Salles, 2021). The 10-nanometer measure was employed since it was faster to obtain the information in the 10-nanometer range than any other method, as empirical data indicated.

Conclusion

Using an in-house Transmission X-ray Microscope (TXM) and special lenses at beamline 32-ID of the APS, the team used the unique X-ray characteristics to achieve high-resolution images in one-hour time. A computer-driven algorithm technique was used to further improve the resolution. The results of the tests confirmed the alternative hypothesis that the new method combination greatly improved X-ray nanotomography resolution. However, beamline scientists such as Vincent de Andrade suggested that although the results were outstanding, there was a lot to improve (Salles, 2021). The effectiveness of the method and equipment could increase after in-depth research and advancement of optics, detectors, and in-progress APS upgrades. The upgraded X-rays will have the potential to produce X-ray beams 500 times brighter than the current, with narrower beams and, subsequently, higher resolution.

References

Salles, A. (2021).  The new method greatly improves X-ray nanotomography resolution. Retrieved    from https://phys.org/news/2021-08-method-greatly-x-ray-nanotomography-       resolution.html

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Identify a current problem in physics by searching for news articles and current events. One reputable source of news in physics is Phys.org. Choose one article, and in two pages, describe how the scientific method is being used to solve the problem mentioned in the article.

Identify the initial observations that identified the problem, the hypothesis, tests, and any revisions of the original hypothesis. Cite the article in APA format as well as other references you might use.