Global Health Comparison Matrix

Global Health Comparison Matrix

Global Healthcare Issue	Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Epidemic
Description	HIV is considered a global epidemic by the WHO. By 2018, around 37.9 million people were infected with HIV worldwide. In the year 2020, approximately 1.5 million new cases were recorded. Around the same year, 770,000 people succumbed to AIDS (CDC, 2019). In the United States, about 34,800 new cases were recorded in 2019. In the Philippines, the HIV burden has not been much compared to the United States. From 1984 to 2019, the Philippines only recorded 64,291 cases of HIV.
Country	United States	Philippines
Describe the policy in each country related to the identified healthcare issue.	In 2010, the United States developed the National HIV/AIDS Strategy (NHAS) to help fight against HIV and its prevention. The NHAS 2022-2025 outlines various goals, including HIV infection prevention, improvement of the outcome of HIV-infected individuals, reduction of HIV-associated health disparities and inequities, and achievement of integrated efforts addressing the HIV epidemic among the interested partners (NHAS, 2022). Generally, the strategy is established to facilitate nationwide responses to the HIV epidemic that promote efforts to end HIV in the United States by the year 2030 while supporting the people already living with HIV by reducing HIV-associated mortality and morbidity.	HIV incidences have been growing in the Philippines due to the failure of the government to provide adequate policies for the prevention of HIV in the Philippines. The government prohibited HIV testing among children below 18 years without parental consent. This contributed to the increase in HIV incidences in the country. Fortunately, 20 years after the first HIV law in the nation, the Philippines president signed the HIV and AIDS Policy Act of 2018, the Republic Act 11166 (“New law important boost to HIV response in the Philippines,” 2022). The policy has greatly helped in the reduction of new cases of HIV in the country.
What are the strengths of this policy?	Its strengths include reducing HIV incidences, promoting health outcomes for the people living with HIV, promoting HIV self-testing, reducing HIV mortality and morbidity, reducing HIV stigma, reducing HIV health inequities and disparities, and promoting HIV serostatus awareness.	Essentially, the policy assists in expanding access to evidence-based HIV prevention approaches. Besides, the law permits HIV testing for people ages 15 years and above. The law also promotes HIV testing and serostatus awareness, hence HIV prevention.
What are the weaknesses of this policy?	The strategy does not directly address the risk factors of contracting HIV and their prevention. Secondly, the policy has not focused much on public sensitization on the importance of HIV prevention.	The policy does not address HIV risk factors through preventive interventions. Moreover, the policy does not also address HIV-associated stigmatization, which is critical to improving the healthcare outcome for people living with HIV.
Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the specified global health issue. (Be specific and provide examples)	In the United States, the health and social determinants have contributed to the new cases of HIV. The social determinants that have impacted the HIV epidemic are poverty, unemployment, and homelessness. Most U.S. residents are struggling with joblessness and stay in homeless shelters. This promotes sexual immoralities such as street prostitution, which can increase the incidences of HIV.	In the Philippines, most people are of low socioeconomic status and may struggle to get the finances to seek medical attention. This can negatively impact the HIV epidemic since HIV mortality and morbidity may increase. Besides, there has been an increase in homosexuality, sex workers, and transgender in the Philippines, leading to increased cases of HIV (Estacio et al., 2021).
How has each country’s government addressed cost, quality, and access to the selected global health issue?	Through the Affordable Care Act, the U.S. government has ensured that everyone has equal access to affordable and quality healthcare services, including HIV/AIDS patients. The Act has enabled people to have Health insurance coverage that caters to HIV medical care, including antiretroviral therapy (Kay et al., 2018). Besides, the policy has also recommended that the health insurance coverage include preventive measures such as HIV testing and counseling and HIV pre-exposure and post-exposure drugs.	Through the development of  Republic Act 11166, the Philippines government has made HIV treatment accessible and affordable. The law allows free treatment for HIV and its related illness (“New law important boost to HIV response in the Philippines,” 2022). Besides, the law has embedded HIV/AIDS in Universal Health Coverage by directing PhilHealth to create a revised package that caters to HIV treatment expenses.
How has the identified health policy impacted the health of the global population? (Be specific and provide examples)	Through the NHAS goals of HIV prevention and health promotion for people living with HIV, the global incidences of HIV have reduced with the developing countries learning the United States (Benson et al., 2020). Besides, the United States government developed the USAID program to donate HIV medications to third-world countries.	While the Philippines is on the run to fight HIV, the government, through signing the law, has partnered with global programs for HIV prevention and, hence, global reduction in HIV cases.
Describe the potential impact of the identified health policy on the nurse’s role in each country.	Since the emergence of HIV, nurses have been among the forefront healthcare providers in the fight against HIV. Besides, the nurse’s role is in health prevention and health promotion during their practice. In the United States, nurses formed the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care (ANAC) to provide professional development, leadership support, and education for nursing professionals attending to people living with HIV/AIDS (Wileman, 2018).	Similarly, in the Philippines, nurses also play a crucial role in providing care to patients with HIV. The functions of nurses have expanded in the Philippines as the nurses are obliged to lead in HIV surveillance and dissemination of information about HIV, especially in the rural parts of the Philippines.
Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. (Be specific and provide examples)	With global health issues, local organizations have been forced to adjust their policies and improve their healthcare service provision and services. For instance, in the United States, the government has diverted more revenue to the health department for combating global health epidemics and pandemics. In addition, global health issues have also promoted international collaborations (Benson et al., 2020). For instance, the United States has collaborated with several countries worldwide to ensure the fight against HIV is achieved globally.	The government joined the WHO countries in the Philippines to support global health. The country has also collaborated with programs such as the USAID to ensure the distribution of HIV medications to third-world countries. Besides, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Philippines joined the world in fighting against COVID-19 by implementing the WHO COVID-19 guidelines.
General Notes/Comments	The National HIV/AIDS Strategy (NHAS) will help fight against HIV. Its strengths include reducing HIV incidences, promoting health outcomes for the people living with HIV, promoting HIV self-testing, reducing HIV mortality and morbidity, reducing HIV stigma, reducing HIV health inequities and disparities, and promoting HIV serostatus awareness.	The HIV and AIDS Policy Act of 2018, the Republic Act 11166, assists in expanding access to evidence-based HIV prevention approaches. Besides, the law permits HIV testing for people ages 15 years and above. The law also promotes HIV testing and serostatus awareness, hence HIV prevention.

References

World Health Organization. (2019). Ten threats to global health in 2019. Retrieved on May 8, 2019, from https://www.who.int/emergencies/ten-threats-to-global-health-in-2019

The new law is an essential boost to the HIV response in the Philippines. Who. int. (2022). Retrieved April 28, 2022, from https://www.who.int/philippines/news/detail/11-01-2019-new-law-important-boost-to-hiv-response-in-the-philippines.

Benson, C., Wang, X., Dunn, K. J., Li, N., Mesana, L., Lai, J., & Brown, K. (2020). Antiretroviral adherence, drug resistance, and the impact of social determinants of health in HIV-1 patients in the U.S. AIDS and Behavior, 24(12), 3562-3573. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-02937-8

Estacio, L., Estacio, J. Z., & Alibudbud, R. (2021). Relationship of psychosocial factors, HIV, and sex work among Filipino drug users. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 18(4), 933-940. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-021-00563-0

Wileman, L. (2018). ANAC intro 2017-2018. https://policycommons.net/artifacts/1734100/anac-intro-2017-2018/2465749/

Kay, E. S., Batey, D. S., & Mugavero, M. J. (2018). The Ryan White HIV/AIDS program: supplementary service provision post-affordable care act. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 32(7), 265-271. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2018.0032

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]. (2019, April 12). HIV/AIDS: Statistics Overview. Retrieved on May 8, 2019, from https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/statistics/overview/index.html

NHAS. (2022). Whitehouse.gov. Retrieved April 28, 2022, from https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/National-HIV-AIDS-Strategy.pdf.

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Review the World Health Organization’s (WHO) global health agenda and select one global health issue to focus on for this Assignment.
Select at least one additional country to compare to the U.S. for this Assignment.
Reflect on how the global health issue you selected is approached in the U.S. and other countries.
Review and download the Global Health Comparison Matrix provided in the Resources.
The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Global Health Comparison Matrix; 1-page Plan for Social Change)

Global Health Comparison Matrix

Complete the Global Health Comparison Matrix by focusing on the country you selected and the U.S. Be sure to address the following:

Consider the U.S. national/federal health policies adapted for the global health issue you selected from the WHO global health agenda. Compare these policies to the additional country you selected for study.
Explain the strengths and weaknesses of each policy.
Explain how the social determinants of health may impact your selected global health issue. Be specific and provide examples.
Using the organization’s health agenda and the results of your research, analyze how each country’s country’s country’s government addresses cost, quality, and access to the selected worldwide health issue.
Explain how your selected health policy might impact the global population’s health. Be specific and provide examples.
Explain how your selected health policy might impact the nurse’s role in each country.
Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. Be specific and provide examples.