Exploring Integumentary and Musculoskeletal System Case Studies- Diagnostic Tests and Treatment Approaches

Exploring Integumentary and Musculoskeletal System Case Studies- Diagnostic Tests and Treatment Approaches

Patient Name: Cheryl Rodriguez

Date of Birth: 11/3/2001

Clinical Notes: The patient presents with three erythematous rings of vesicles on the posterior torso. (One of the lesions is pictured here.) The patient has no history of relevant trauma. The patient reports that the lesions are itchy, and she occasionally feels a burning sensation.

Question #1: The physician suspects a fungal infection. If this is a fungal infection, what is her specific diagnosis?

The diagnosis is Tinea corporis. This is a rash resulting from a fungal infection, and it is a circular itchy rash with clear skin in the middle (Leung et al., 2020). Tinea corporis is an infectious disease affecting many individuals.

 Question #2: How is this type of fungal infection spread (transmitted)?

Close contact with an infected animal, individual, or infected soil. Transmission of the fungus is facilitated by sharing towels and a moist, warm environment (Leung et al., 2020). This condition is very prevalent among household members.

 Question #3: What type of treatment will be necessary?

The treatment for this patient will be both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic. The patient will be advised to wear loose-fitting clothes.  Pharmacotherapy is the standard treatment for tinea corporis (Mahajan & Sahoo, 2016). The patient will be managed with topical antifungal agents, and she will be treated with topical miconazole cream.

 Question #4: How can Ms. Rodriguez prevent future fungal infections?

Prevention involves avoiding close contact with infected individuals and wearing loose-fitting clothes since the fungus survives in moist environments (Leung et al., 2020). In addition to this, this patient should not share personal items such as towels and hats. The patient will also be advised to take her pets to the vet if she suspects they have Tinea corporis.

 Question #5: Who is most at risk for this type of fungal infection?

Tinea corporis is very common, and any person can get them. The first category of individuals at risk are those who are immunocompromised. The second category is people who use public locker rooms and individuals who play a contact sport. The final category is people who have close contact with animals (CDC, 2021).

Patient Name: Rosie Deveraux

Date of Birth: 2/3/2015

Clinical Notes: The patient presents to the clinic with an itchy scalp. She has been scratching her head for several days and has several red, irritated spots throughout her scalp. Her mother suspects that she may have been in contact with another child who had a lice infection while at school.

Upon examination, the presence of lice eggs (nits) is confirmed.

Question #1: What is the scientific name of the louse found in this case?

Pediculus humanus capitis

Question #2: The term excoriation can be used to describe the irritation found on her scalp. What does “excoriation” mean?

This is an obsessive-compulsive mental disorder characterized by repetitive picking of one’s skin. The repetitive pricking results in skin lesions. This condition causes a significant disruption in an individual’s life (Lochner et al., 2017).

Question #3: Explain how this infection is different from scabies.

Scabies is caused by mites, while pediculosis is caused by lice. Lice reside in the human hair and feed off the blood, and their entire cycle is in the human head. On the other, scabies penetrates under the skin and dig into the skin, making burrows (Gunning et al., 2019).

Question #4: What type of treatment will be necessary?

Permethrin 1% is the first-line treatment. It will be applied to damp hair and left for ten minutes. It will then be left for 10 minutes and then rinsed. It will be repeated in seven days (Gunning et al., 2019)

Question #5: This type of infection is considered a parasitic infection. What does “parasitic” mean?

Parasitic infections occur when organisms require their hosts for survival (Njambi et al., 2020). They depend on them for nutrients and shelter. Humans can get parasites from contaminated water, food, or sexual contact.

References

CDC. (2021, February 1). Ringworm risk & prevention | Ringworm | Types of diseases | Fungal diseases | CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/ringworm/risk-prevention.html

Gunning, K., Kiraly, B., & Pippitt, K. (2019, May 15). Lice and scabies: Treatment update. AAFP American Academy of Family Physicians. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/0515/p635.html

Leung, A. K., Lam, J. M., Leong, K. F., & Hon, K. L. (2020). Tinea corporis: An updated review. Drugs in Context, 9, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.7573/dic.2020-5-6

Lochner, C., Roos, A., & Stein, D. (2017). Excoriation (skin-picking) disorder: A systematic review of treatment options. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 13, 1867-1872. https://doi.org/10.2147/ndt.s121138

Mahajan, R., & Sahoo, A. (2016). Management of tinea corporis, tinea cruris, and tinea pedis: A comprehensive review. Indian Dermatology Online Journal, 7(2), 77. https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5178.178099

Njambi, E., Magu, D., Masaku, J., Okoyo, C., & Njenga, S. M. (2020). Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated water, sanitation, and hygiene risk factors among school children in Mwea irrigation scheme, Kirinyaga County, Kenya. Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2020, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3974156

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These case studies are real-life scenarios that will help you explore the concepts of the integumentary and musculoskeletal systems, diagnostic tests, and treatments.

Instructions:
Download
MEA2203-Case-Study-Assignment-Module-02.docx
And read each of the patient scenarios. Then, use the lesson content from this module, your textbook, and perhaps additional research to answer the questions.
(Please make sure to use your own words and not to have in-text citations taking up the majority of your paragraphs. Thank you)