Exploring Developmental Theories and Milestones in Elderly Populations- A Comprehensive Literature Review

Active Aging and Resilience

Merchant, R. A., Aprahamian, I., Woo, J., Vellas, B., & Morley, J. E. (2022). Editorial: Resilience And Successful Aging. The journal of nutrition, health & aging, 26(7), 652–656. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-022-1818-4

Resilience is an important subject when examining the lives of older adults. In this specific study, Merchant et al. (2022) give a detailed analysis of resilience in old age. In this analysis, the researchers address resilience among older people and some factors that influence it. The first evidence given in this journal is that genetics, alterations in the metabolic pathways, insulin resistance, and the immune systems are all determinants of resilience in old age (Merchant et al., 2022). The discussion has also examined physical resilience in older adults, and it has clarified that physical resilience is observed in the adults’ physical capabilities even though physical resilience should not be confused with frailty and intrinsic capacity (IC) (Merchant et al., 2022). Interventions for people as they age are discussed in this paper, where the authors identify factors like an improved environment that can positively influence resilience during old age.

This paper offers a comprehensive understanding of resilience in old age and the different factors surrounding it. It provides essential information one needs to understand about active aging and how vital resilience is during prime age (Merchant et al., 2022). It clarifies between physical and emotional resilience and even points out factors such as immunity and genetics and how they affect resilience. This study, however, only explains the topic. It explores the topic in detail but does not go deeper to offer some empirical approach (Merchant et al., 2022). For instance, they explain the difference in resilience between male and female adults. Hence, while it is necessary to use this journal in research for information, it may require other sources for it to support the research question or hypotheses.

The Biological (E.G., Brain, Physiology) Influences on Aging and Behavior

Mitina, M., Young, S., & Zhavoronkov, A. (2020). Psychological aging, depression, and wellbeing. Aging, 12(18), 18765–18777. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.103880

A deeper understanding is created by this study on psychological aging, depression, and well-being among older adults. This research offers information regarding the connection between these three things. What comes out is that psychological aging can determine how older adults take care of themselves physically and emotionally (Mitina, Young & Zhavoronkov, 2020). Two key points in this research are that psychological or perceived aging can affect how an individual responds to illnesses and generally copes with life. Secondly, subjective, chronological, and biological aging were connected. For instance, perceived age is related to chronic diseases like diabetes. Subjective aging is also associated with stress in older individuals.

This journal by Mitina, Young, and Zhavoronkov (2020) uncovers lots of facts about aging. It is very informative when showing the impacts that aging has on the psychological and physical well-being of older adults. Like the other study by Merchant, this peer-reviewed journal only discusses facts about the topic but does not give any experimentation that offers scientific evidence to support the claims. As such, the study is susceptible to bias. However, the information is credible and can be used to support claims and hypotheses or even answer the research question.

The Nature of Stress, Coping, and Resistance for the Elderly

Saadati, H., Vaughan, M., Azkhosh, M., Bahmani, B., & Khanjani, M. S. (2021). Predicting depression among the elderly by stressful life events and coping strategies. Journal of family medicine and primary care, 10(12), 4542–4547. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_881_21

Aging is commonly connected to increased cases of stress, as indicated in this research study by Sadaati et al. (2021). In this specific study, the researchers were therefore interested in the coping strategies during stressful life events that are related to depression in older adults. The research method Sadaati et al. (2020) used was a correlational study done through a structural equation analysis. The participants in this study were 841 cluster samples from the general population. To test their coping strategies, the researchers recorded them and, at the same time, used Beck’s Depression Inventory. Results showed that old age is directly connected with stressful events and depression. Also, stressful life events were found to have a direct and indirect connection to depression in this population. The study also showed that older adults with problem-focused coping strategies experienced less depression.

This study by Sadaati et al. (2021) reveals that stress increases as old age increases. The stressful events in older adults’ lives expose them to depression. The study also shows that older adults can use coping approaches like the problem-focused coping approach. This empirical research can be relied on when studying this area since the population was large enough to be generalized. Also, this study is reliable since it confirms some of the issues older adults deal with in their prime years. The challenge with this study is that it does not explore many other coping approaches and their effectiveness in helping older adults overcome stress and deter depression.

References

Mitina, M., Young, S., & Zhavoronkov, A. (2020). Psychological aging, depression, and wellbeing. Aging, 12(18), 18765–18777. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.103880

Saadati, H., Froughan, M., Azkhosh, M., Bahmani, B., & Khanjani, M. S. (2021). Predicting depression among the elderly by stressful life events and coping strategies. Journal of family medicine and primary care, 10(12), 4542–4547. https://doi.org/10.4103/

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Question

_881_21

Instructions
This week, you will complete an annotated bibliography for a paper that will be due in Week 5. For more information on the required format of the bibliography please click on annotated bibliography template.

For Week 3, conduct a literature review by choosing three of the following topic areas to research.

Exploring Developmental Theories and Milestones in Elderly Populations- A Comprehensive Literature Review

The major developmental theories for the elderly population.
The age-appropriate milestones and anomalies.
The role of current trends and technology with regard to the increase or decrease in the quality of life for elderly individuals.
The process of active aging and resiliency.
The occurrence/nature of physical and social changes in aging individuals.
The biological (e.g., brain, physiology) influences on aging and behavior.
The nationwide concerns are impacting the elderly (e.g., health disparities, healthcare, and prescription issues).
The nature of geographic, gender, social, cognitive, emotional, and developmental factors in elderly development.
The evolving nature of retirement, economic security/instability, and sexual orientation in the elderly.
The nature of stress, coping, and resistance for the elderly.
Using the South University Online Library database (ProQuest or EBSCOhost) only, find two journal articles related to each topic area chosen. (Your textbook, Wikipedia, or any other Web source will not be accepted for this assignment.) The journal articles have to be from a peer-reviewed, scholarly journal(s). The articles do not need to be empirical studies but are required to be from primary sources.

Write a summary for each of the journal articles found.
Write an analysis and evaluation for each of the journal articles found.