Evaluation of Care Coordination Plan- Integrating Best Practices and Literature Review

Evaluation of Care Coordination Plan- Integrating Best Practices and Literature Review

Care coordination is a critical aspect of the healthcare delivery process (Hannigan et al., 2018). There are several community resources that are critical in the care coordination plan. Adherence to set policies and ethical standards is critical during the formulation of a care coordination plan. The care coordination plan to be formulated is for a patient diagnosed with a mental health disorder plus several other underlying conditions. Get in touch with us at eminencepapers.com. We offer assignment help with high professionalism.

Schizophrenia is a mental health disorder that greatly affects an individual’s ability to think, feel, or behave appropriately. Patients with schizophrenia commonly present with delusions, disorganized speech and behavior, reduced interest in activities that previously excited them, and auditory hallucinations, among other symptoms (McCutcheon et al., 2020). Complications that may arise as a result of schizophrenia include suicide and thoughts of self-harm, depression, alcohol and substance use, and obsessive-compulsive disorders, among others.

Health Care Issues.

Depression is a commonly observed symptom in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Schizophrenic patients diagnosed with depression tend to have a poorer prognosis when compared to patients without depression (Rossi et al., 2017). The diagnosis of depression in schizophrenia is made difficult as a result of depression-like extrapyramidal side effects commonly associated with the use of antipsychotics or other organic conditions that may lead to depression. Depression may also ensue as a result of the strain associated with the disease. In addition, the stigma surrounding individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia may predispose them to depression.

Most patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and other mental disorders tend to turn to the use of alcohol, drugs, and other substances as a coping mechanism. This is because the initial stages of a mental disorder such as schizophrenia tend to be a very stressful period (Brunette et al., 2018). Lack of proper mental health care and awareness greatly predisposes to the use of alcohol and other drugs. The use of these drugs tends to induce relapses and, in most instances, increases the severity of the symptoms observed.

Suicide and the risk of self-harm is common among people diagnosed with schizophrenia. Research estimates that approximately five to thirteen percent of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia die of suicide (Sher & Kahn, 2019). Social isolation, a feeling of hopelessness, stigma, and family rejection in some instances, and declining health status are just but a few of the reasons associated with suicide among schizophrenic patients. Most people who commit suicide tend to do so with the fear that their current situation is only becoming worse.

Intervention.

Patient-centered interventions are critical in the management of depression associated with schizophrenia. Patient-centered care involves keeping the patient busy by assigning him a task to complete. This is critical in engaging the patient and distracting him from thinking about his situation (Tee et al., 2020). Formulating a daily routine plays a key role in enhancing self-management, providing hope, and changing the patient’s view of his condition, consequently reducing the risk of depressive symptoms.

Alcohol consumption and drug use are other common complications associated with schizophrenia. Patient-centered interventions include family engagement to constantly monitor the patient’s daily alcohol consumption. It is also important to get rid of any alcohol and any other drugs that may be abused that are within the patient’s immediate reach. Enrolling the patient in a support group to help deal with any addiction is another key intervention in curbing this problem (Marchand et al., 2019).

Suicide risk and any other forms of self-harm in schizophrenic patients can be prevented by ensuring that any items that can be used to inflict self-harm are kept far away from high-risk individuals. Teaching coping mechanisms and other problem-solving skills to individuals at high risk of suicide, as well as engaging these people in community programs to minimize social isolation, is also key in minimizing the risk of suicide, especially among schizophrenics.

Community Resources.

Community programs designed for those with depression include the National Alliance on Mental Illness Chicago helpline, Bright Star Community Outreach trauma counseling, and the Chicago Department of Public Health Mental Health Centres teletherapy (Cuevas et al., 2019). All these programs are designed to aid those battling depression and other overwhelming traumatic events.

Chicago Connects is one of the community programs initiated to deal with drugs and substance use. It provides a listing of drug and alcohol recovery programs. Other community resources include the Illinois Opioid Helpline and the City of Chicago’s Substance Use Prevention Program for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing (Wood et al., 2021). Community programs aimed at preventing suicide and self-harm include the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, Crisis Textline, and CARES, a crisis hotline that provides mental health evaluation and services.

Ethical Decisions.

Ethics plays a key role when it comes to patient-centered interventions and care. Ethics plays a major part in prioritizing patients’ needs and, consequently, enhancing the process of care delivery and coordination. One of the key ethical principles on which patient care interventions are founded is the principle of autonomy. Autonomy ensures that considerations of the patient’s culture, traditions, beliefs, and values are taken into account during the delivery of care (Gill et al., 2019). Other ethical principles that are essential in the successful creation of patient-centered interventions include beneficence, justice, and nonmaleficence.

It is common for some ethical questions to arise during the delivery of care and formulation of patient-centered interventions. One of the major questions that arise is whether the decisions made will ultimately lead to the promotion of the patient’s overall well-being. Another question that arises is whether I, as the healthcare provider, would make the same decisions if I were to find myself in the patient’s position and whether there are alternative interventions that would yield better results.

Health Policy Implications for Coordination and Care Continuum.

Medicaid is responsible for the health coverage of millions of people residing in the United States. This program provides health coverage to low-income individuals, children, pregnant women, the elderly, and people living with disabilities (Claflin et al., 2019). It is administered by states in accordance with federal requirements. Medicaid has revolutionized healthcare coverage and is a key inclusion as far as care coordination is concerned.

Medicare is run by the federal government and provides health coverage for people who are sixty-five years old and above, a select few young people with disabilities and individuals with end-stage renal disease. Medicare was first signed into law in 1965 (Burke et al., 2018). The policy has identified an increased need for care coordination efforts because of the increased number of patients requiring such care.

The Affordable Care Act is a government policy that is aimed at making affordable health insurance available to a larger population. The Affordable Care Act is also referred to as the health care reform (Courtemanche et al., 2018). It comprises expanded requirements for employers, health plans, insurers, and individuals. The policy requires care coordination efforts to increase as more patients have required this aspect.

Priorities to Establish.

It is important to engage the patient’s relatives. The relatives as the care providers play a critical role in the care continuum, and it is, therefore, important to engage them in the care of the patient. Engaging the patient and acknowledging his thoughts and suggestions greatly improves the patient’s view of himself. This is critical in patient-centered interventions. There is a need for changes to the initial plan. This is because the initial plan was mainly focusing on other intervention methods. Our goal has, however, changed, and our focus is now mainly on patient-centered care, thus necessitating the need for changes.

Comparing Learning Session Content with Best Practices.

Learning sessions have been identified as key to enhancing the care coordination process. The great need to involve both the patient and his or her caregivers in the delivery of care has been identified. The learning session plays a key role in enhancing this aspect. The learning sessions help in the identification of many issues that would have otherwise been missed. Significant mutually agreed upon health goals were achieved as a result of the learning sessions.

Healthy People 2030.

Healthy People 2030 is responsible for setting national objectives based on data gathered for the purpose of improving the health and overall well-being of people within the next ten years. Care coordination is a significant healthcare process that has been included in Healthy People 2030 (Pronk et al., 2021). The aim is to emphasize focus on the prevention, screening, assessment, and treatment of mental disorders such as schizophrenia. This will consequently lead to an overall improvement in the health and quality of life of people with mental health disorders.

Conclusion.

In conclusion, patient-centered interventions are critical in the management of most mental health disorders. Engaging the patient and his or her caregivers in the care delivery process greatly improves the quality of care delivered. Ethical considerations are important when coming up with patient-centered interventions. The overall well-being of the patient is always the ultimate goal.

References.

Brunette, M. F., Mueser, K. T., Babbin, S., Meyer-Kalos, P., Rosenheck, R., Correll, C. U., Cather, C., Robinson, D. G., Schooler, N. R., Penn, D. L., Addington, J., Estroff, S. E., Gottlieb, J., Glynn, S. M., Marcy, P., Robinson, J., & Kane, J. M. (2018). Demographic and clinical correlates of substance use disorders in first-episode psychosis. Schizophrenia Research, 194, 4–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2017.06.039

Burke, L. G., Wild, R. C., Orav, E. J., & Hsia, R. Y. (2018). Are trends in billing for high-intensity emergency care explained by changes in services provided in the emergency department? An observational study among US Medicare beneficiaries. BMJ open, 8(1), e019357. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019357

Claflin, J., Dimick, J. B., Campbell, D. A., Englesbe, M. J., & Sheetz, K. H. (2019). Understanding Disparities in Surgical Outcomes for Medicaid Beneficiaries. World journal of surgery, 43(4), 981–987. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-018-04891-y

Courtemanche, C., Marton, J., Ukert, B., Yelowitz, A., & Zapata, D. (2018). Effects of the Affordable Care Act on Health Care Access and Self-Assessed Health After 3 Years. Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision, and financing, 55, 46958018796361. https://doi.org/10.1177/0046958018796361

Cuevas, A. G., Chen, R., Thurber, K. A., Slopen, N., & Williams, D. R. (2019). Psychosocial Stress and Overweight and Obesity: Findings From the Chicago Community Adult Health Study. Annals of Behavioral Medicine: a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 53(11), NP. https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaz008

Gill, S. D., Fuscaldo, G., & Page, R. S. (2019). Patient-centered care through a broader lens: Supporting patient autonomy alongside moral deliberation. Emergency medicine Australasia: EMA, 31(4), 680–682. https://doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.13287

Hannigan, B., Simpson, A., Coffey, M., Barlow, S., & Jones, A. (2018). Care Coordination as Imagined, Care Coordination as Done: Findings from a Cross-national Mental Health Systems Study. International journal of integrated care, 18(3), 12. https://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.3978

Marchand, K., Beaumont, S., Westfall, J., MacDonald, S., Harrison, S., Marsh, D. C., Schechter, M. T., & Oviedo-Joekes, E. (2019). Conceptualizing patient-centered care for substance use disorder treatment: findings from a systematic scoping review. Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy, 14(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-019-0227-0

McCutcheon, R. A., Reis Marques, T., & Howes, O. D. (2020). Schizophrenia-An Overview. JAMA psychiatry, 77(2), 201–210. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.3360

Pronk, N., Kleinman, D. V., Goekler, S. F., Ochiai, E., Blakey, C., & Brewer, K. H. (2021). Promoting Health and Well-being in Healthy People 2030. Journal of public health management and practice: JPHMP, 27(Suppl 6), S242–S248. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000001254

Rossi, A., Galderisi, S., Rocca, P., Bertolino, A., Rucci, P., Gibertoni, D., Stratta, P., Bucci, P., Mucci, A., Aguglia, E., Amodeo, G., Amore, M., Bellomo, A., Brugnoli, R., Caforio, G., Carpiniello, B., Dell’Osso, L., di Fabio, F., di Giannantonio, M., Marchesi, C., … Italian Network for Research on Psychoses (2017). Personal resources and depression in schizophrenia: The role of self-esteem, resilience, and internalized stigma. Psychiatry Research, 256, 359–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.079

Sher, L., & Kahn, R. S. (2019). Suicide in Schizophrenia: An Educational Overview. Medicine (Kaunas, Lithuania), 55(7), 361. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55070361

Tee, H., Priebe, S., Santos, C., Xanthopoulou, P., Webber, M., & Giacco, D. (2020). Helping people with psychosis to expand their social networks: the stakeholders’ views. BMC psychiatry, 20(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-2445-4

Wood, J. D., Watson, A. C., & Barber, C. (2021). What can we expect of police in the face of deficient mental health systems? Qualitative insights from Chicago police officers. Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing, 28(1), 28–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/

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For this assessment, you will evaluate the preliminary care coordination plan you developed in Assessment 1 using best practices in the literature.

Introduction
NOTE: You must complete this assessment after Assessment 1 is completed.

Care coordination is the process of providing a smooth and seamless transition of care as part of the health continuum. Nurses must be aware of community resources, ethical considerations, policy issues, cultural norms, safety, and the physiological needs of patients. Nurses play a key role in providing the necessary knowledge and communication to ensure seamless transitions of care. They draw upon evidence-based practices to promote health and disease prevention to create a safe environment conducive to improving and maintaining the health of individuals, families, or aggregates within a community. When provided with a plan and the resources to achieve and maintain optimal health, patients benefit from a safe environment conducive to healing and a better quality of life.

This assessment provides an opportunity to research the literature and apply evidence to support what communication, teaching, and learning best practices are needed for a hypothetical patient with a selected healthcare problem.

You are encouraged to complete the Vila Health: Cultural Competence activity prior to completing this assessment. Completing course activities before submitting your first attempt has been shown to make the difference between basic and proficient assessment.