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Nursing, Pages: 2

Discharge Summary – The Cardiorespiratory System

Discharge Summary – The Cardiorespiratory System

Number Common Term Medical Term or  Abbreviation Drug Reason Drug Is Used
Example 1 Pulmonary embolism PE
Example 2 Diovan Hypertension
1. Chest pain Angina pectoris
2. Shortness of breath Dyspnea
3. Numbness Paresthesia
4. Heart attack Myocardial infarction (MI)
5. Blocked artery Stenosis
6. High blood pressure Hypertension Norvasc, Cozaar Norvasc and Cozaar are utilized as antihypertensive medication, primarily prescribed to manage high blood pressure (hypertension). Amlodipine, the active ingredient in Norvasc, belongs to a class of drugs known as calcium channel blockers. By inhibiting the influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiac myocytes, amlodipine causes vasodilation and reduces peripheral vascular resistance. This mechanism of action results in decreased systemic arterial pressure, thereby effectively lowering blood pressure levels. Norvasc is often chosen as a first-line treatment for hypertension due to its efficacy, tolerability, and long duration of action. It is commonly administered orally in tablet form, typically once daily, and may be prescribed alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents to achieve optimal blood pressure control.
7. High cholesterol Hyperlipidemia Lipitor Lipitor is indicated for the management of hyperlipidemia and specifically serves the purpose of lowering the raised levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, or “bad” cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. In addition, it helps to increase the levels of HDL cholesterol or “good” cholesterol. Atorvastatin, which is the active constituent of Lipitor, has a place in the drug class known as statins. They perform cholesterol-lowering functions through the inhibition of the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme, which is essential in the generation of cholesterol in the liver. Through its mechanism of action by mainly inhibiting this enzyme, atorvastatin divorces down cholesterol production and induces the removal of LDL cholesterol from the circulatory system; consequently, this reduces the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Lipitor is given mostly by mouth as tablets once daily with or without a meal. This medication is usually placed as one of the components of a fully developed treatment strategy that commonly involves some lifestyle behaviors such as dietary changes and regular physical exercises aiming at overall cardiovascular wellness.
8. Fluid buildup Edema Lasix Lasix, a diuretic, is used to treat edema by increasing urine production, thus reducing fluid buildup in the body.
9. Irregular heartbeat Arrhythmia
10. Computed tomography (CT) scan CT scan
11. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan MRI scan
12. Stent placement Stenting
13. Blood clot Thrombus
14. Lung disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Oxygen therapy. Oxygen therapy, involves the administration of higher-than-normal concentrations of oxygen compared to the surrounding air, plays a crucial role in managing respiratory failure, a condition characterized by the lungs and respiratory system’s inability to maintain sufficient oxygen levels and remove carbon dioxide effectively.
15. Heart failure Congestive heart failure (CHF) Lasix Lasix, also known by its generic name furosemide, is a powerful diuretic used for cases of fluid accumulation in the body, which is commonly accompanied by congestive heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver as well as renal dysfunction. Furosemide involves a group of compounds called ‘loop diuretics’. This class acts by centering the thick ascending loop of the Henle nephron in the kidney, where sodium and chloride inhibit absorption, resulting in higher excretion of water and electrolytes through urine. Through the promotion of diuresis, Lasix directly lowers the body’s external fluid volume and ultimately relieves fluid overload symptoms like peripheral edema, pulmonary congestion, and dyspnea. Lasix, usually by mouth or through intravenous injection, relies on the intensity of the affected syndrome and the organ failure of the patient. The onset of action is rapid, with diuresis occurring within 30 minutes of intravenous administration and 1 hour of oral administration. Lasix is commonly prescribed at the lowest effective dose to minimize the risk of electrolyte imbalances and dehydration, with dosage adjustments made based on the patient’s response and tolerance to treatment.

 References

Chabner, D. (2017). The language of medicine (11th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders.

Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

Skidmore-Roth, L. (2018). Mosby’s drug guide for nursing students (13th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

Tintinalli, J. E., Stapczynski, J. S., Ma, O. J., Yealy, D. M., Meckler, G. D., & Cline, D. M. (2016). Tintinalli’s emergency medicine: A comprehensive study guide (8th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.

Tortora, G. J., & Derrickson, B. (2018). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology (15th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

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Question 

Assessment 5
Discharge Summary: The Cardiorespiratory System

Instructions
Resources
Activity
Attempt 1
Attempt 2
Attempt 3

Translate into medical terms or abbreviations common terms contained in a patient’s discharge summary. Identify five drugs appearing in the discharge summary and specify the usage reason for each drug on the provided template. Record yourself reading the patient’s discharge summary (1–2 single-spaced pages).

Discharge Summary - The Cardiorespiratory System

Discharge Summary – The Cardiorespiratory System

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Introduction
Assessment 5 continues the exploration of medical terminology related to various body systems and the general structure and functions of the human body. In this assessment, you will focus your attention on the cardiorespiratory system, a specialized area of medicine. The cardiorespiratory system refers to the ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply oxygen to skeletal muscles during sustained physical activity. You will have an opportunity to demonstrate your knowledge of this system’s purpose, various parts, and importance to overall body functioning. In addition, you will demonstrate your knowledge of cardiorespiratory diseases, diagnostic studies, and treatments, including pharmacology.

In the assessment, you will review a discharge summary for a patient with cardiorespiratory disease and demonstrate your command of medical terminology, including your pronunciation of the terms through an audio recording.