Decision-Making Model and Structures
The decision-making model is an aid to ensure that the right decision is made about a specific issue. Decision-making is a simple process that is involved in formulating policies and addressing public problems. The decision model can, therefore, be regarded as an instrument for satisfying high-end, which is intermediate goals and objectives. The decision-making model is a technique that is aware of the possible alternatives and ensures a consistent system of preferences in the choice of options. (Moreau et al., 2012)
Classification of Decision Models and How They Help in Decision-Making
Decision models fall into two broad categories: rational decision-making models and intuitive decision-making models. The rational decision-making model includes the seven-step method and the Vroom-Jago system. The intuitive model involves recognition-primed decision-making models. (Glöckner & Witteman, 2010) Rational decision-making consists of an approach that is logical and orderly to identify the situation at hand. The Vroom-Jago system helps the manager determine whether to make decisions alone or include other colleagues. The intuitive model shows the way to find a solution by employing knowledge and making judgments.
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Different Kinds of Logical Structures
According to Stare (2011), the structures to determine the positions of public managers and policy analysts are functional, divisional, flat arches, and matrix structures. The functional structure divides the company based on specialty into different departments of operating. The divisional structure divides leadership according to different products or projects that are processed. The matrix structure has line managers where employees report and receive instructions. The flat arches involve a line of communication from top management down to employees.
These structures are useful in determining positions and defining the role of each post. The structure that divides the levels of work ensures duty responsibility.
References
Glöckner, A., & Witteman, C. (2010). Beyond dual-process models: A categorization of processes underlying intuitive judgment and decision making. Thinking & Reasoning, 16(1), 1-25.
Moreau, A., Carol, L., Dedianne, M. C., Dupraz, C., Perdrix, C., Lainé, X., & Souweine, G. (2012). What perceptions do patients have of decision-making (DM)? Toward an integrative patient-centred care model. A qualitative study using focus-group interviews. Patient education and counseling, 87(2), 206-211.
Stare, A. (2011). The impact of the organizational structure and project corporate culture on project performance in Slovenian enterprises. Management: journal of contemporary management issues, 16(2), 1-22.
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Question 
Bioethical Decision-Making Model
Define the dilemma: Use your own words to describe the problem. State it in a way that others can quickly understand your dilemma. Review
Decision-Making Model and structures
Identify the medical facts: Describe the facts that are relevant to the dilemma.
Remember that the diagnosis and prognosis are medical facts.
Identify the non-‐medical facts (patient and family, external influences): a. Patient and family facts such as culture, religion, social, economic, the existence of an Advance Healthcare Directive, verbal preferences made by the patient, how the patient lived his/her life.
Those that you discuss should be relevant to the situation.
External influences include: organizational policies, federal and state laws, practice acts, code of ethics. These should be relevant to the situation.
For both step 2 or 3, separate the facts from the assumptions: Sometimes all healthcare professionals allow assumptions to guide their decision-‐making. These must be identified so that these assumptions do not interfere with the process.
Identify items that need clarification. Your paper should identify facts that you need to clarify. When initially discussing an ethical situation, it is not unusual to not have all of the answers.
Identify the decision makers: Is the patient an adult competent to make their own choices? Is the patient a child who is old enough to have a say in the decision. If the patient cannot make their own decision, who is the decision maker? How was this person selected?
Review the underlying ethical principles: Review which ones and why they apply t this particular case: beneficence, nonmaleficience, veracity, fidelity, autonomy and justice.
Define alternatives: One to proceed may be apparent at this point. However, sometimes there are different choices. They should be addressed identifying the benefits and burdens for doing one thing versus the other
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