Case Study Peer Response – Cell Morphology

Case Study Peer Response – Cell Morphology

Peer Response 1

Thank you for your post. I appreciate how you have clearly explained what cellular morphology is and why it is significant in differentiating cell functions. As per the presentation, I understand that cellular morphology is the structural characteristics of the cell. This means that, through cellular morphology, we can understand the cell’s shape, size, structure, and texture. Additionally, cellular morphology distinguishes one type of cell from the others. This is to say that, from understanding cellular morphology, it is easy to understand the various and specific functions of each type of cellular. Interestingly, the cell’s shape, size, structure, and texture are critical in determining how it moves, grows, reproduces, or even acquires nutrients for its nourishment. Through a focus on cellular morphology, it is easy to understand how cells and tissues grow, how changes in the cell shape, size, structure, and overall texture can impact its functioning and lead to complications and diseases, and how such complications such as tumors and cancers can grow and spread.

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In the case study you have analyzed, you have well-presented how osmolarity, sodium levels, and oncotic pressure affect a cellular morphology, hence its functioning, as well as how external factors affect the cellular microenvironment, creating shifts in the osmolarity, sodium levels, and oncotic pressure. Notably, both the plasma osmolality and oncotic pressure are vital in determining how fluids move in and out of an organism’s system (Shah & Mandiga, 2020). As you have noted, ethanol ingestion creates a difference in the ion concentration within and outside of the cells or the osmolar gap. The high amount of fluid left in the interstitial space can cause the body to swell.

References

Shah, M. M., & Mandiga, P. (2020). Physiology, Plasma Osmolality, and Oncotic Pressure. In StatPearls.

Peer Response 2

Thank you for your post. I agree with you. The relationship between function and the structure of the cell is dependent on its morphology. This points to the vital role of cell morphology in maintaining the cell’s form to ensure that it functions effectively as it should. As you have noted, cell morphology enables the cell to recognize bacteria, obtain nutrients, and carry out various processes. To my understanding, cell morphology has a role in how cells are specialized to perform specific functions and how various cells can be identified and differentiated from others. The structural presentation of the cell can help determine if the cell has abnormalities and how such abnormalities affect the cell’s function, as well as the related complications.

The review of the case study involving the 15-year-old boy who ingested windshield wiper fluid containing methanol presents how osmolarity, sodium levels, and oncotic pressure affect a cell’s internal and external microenvironment and, hence, cell structure and function. As you have noted, methanol poisoning affects the ion concentration differences outside of the cell, leading to an elevated osmolar gap (Greene & Krasowski, 2020). As you have mentioned, the increase in osmolarity and osmolar gap due to methanol ingestion and resulting poisoning is associated with kidney failure and a rise in sodium levels. This leads to fluids being drawn from the cell to the surrounding environment, which makes it unable to perform its functions effectively. Kidney failure can be a reason for the symptoms the patient exhibits, including issues with his eyes. Another common presentation of a failing kidney is the development of edema as a result of the fluid filling the interstitial space.

References

Greene, H. R., & Krasowski, M. D. (2020). Correlation of osmolal gap with measured concentrations of acetone, ethylene glycol, isopropanol, methanol, and propylene glycol in patients at an academic medical center. Toxicology Reports, 7, 81–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TOXREP.2019.12.005

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Part 2: Select two different students/topics and discuss the difference between various cells and the role these cells play in specific disease processes.

• Number: A Minimum of 2 to Peer Posts, at least one on a different day than the main post
• Length: A minimum of 150 words per post, not including references
• Citations: At least one high-level scholarly reference in APA per post from within the last 5 years

PEER RESPONSE 1:

Cellular morphology refers to the shape, size, structure, and texture of the cell (Nassiri & McCall, 2018). These characteristics help differentiate cells and play an important role in their function because the different variations in structures and forms allow the cells to perform different, but specific functions respectively; however, changes in cell morphology can occur and cause changes or deviations in their cellular function (Nassiri & McCall, 2018).

According to Alizadeh et al., (2020), the morphology of cells, or morphometrics, can help distinguish between cells in different states, while their response to perturbations to specific proteins, can cause cell alterations which can help identify cancer cells that may have developed metastatic characteristics, for example (Alizadeh et al., 2020).

Case study

A 15-year-old male presents after ingesting windshield wiper fluid to get high. What will happen to the osmolarity, sodium levels, and oncotic pressure?

Windshield wiper fluid contains methanol which is toxic alcohol with high morbidity and mortality rates if left untreated. When ingested, methanol is rapidly absorbed, and serum concentrations peak immediately (Ashurst & Nappe, 2019). According to Dlugasch & Story (2019), osmolality and osmolarity are units used to measure osmotic activity/pressure, which is the results of body water and electrolyte balance (mainly sodium) and reflect the level of hydration (Dlugasch & Story, 2019, p. 27). Osmolality is the term used to describe fluids inside the body, osmolarity is the term used to describe fluids outside the body, and the osmolar gap is the difference between the measure and calculation of osmolality, so when ingestion of methanol occurs, the osmolar gap increases, which represents an increased in osmolarity and sodium levels while the oncotic pressure decreases causing an inability to draw water into the cells and allowing it to stay outside of the body or in the interstitial space (Dlugasch & Story, 2019, p. 27)

PEER RESPONSE 2:

When all of a cell’s properties are in their most optimal states, the cell is in a position to perform its functions correctly. Both the function and the structure of the cell are dependent on the morphology of the cell, which plays a vital role in both. The interplay of the two variables decides how the cell will recognize bacteria, as well as how it will grow, reproduce, obtain nutrients, and transport them. This interaction also affects how the cell will expand. The actions of the cell, as well as its biology, are developed as a result of the cellular structure (Fischer, 2020). As part of the investigation into the case of the 15-year-old boy who had swallowed windshield wiper fluid, the patient’s osmolarity, sodium levels, and oncotic pressure were all assessed.  Research has demonstrated that the component that makes up windshield wiper fluid is methanol, and that methanol can have a number of harmful effects on the human body, most notably on the kidneys and the eyes. Methanol is a component that makes up windshield wiper fluid. When methanol is consumed, the osmolarity rises, which leads to an increase in the elevation of the osmolar gap. Because taking in this liquid causes kidney failure, which in turn causes an increase in sodium levels because the kidneys are no longer filtering the body’s blood properly, individuals who have been poisoned by methanol typically require treatment with dialysis. Edema develops in the patient as a result of the increasing oncotic pressure (Whittler et al., 2018).