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Beneficial Microbes-Lactococcus lactic Microorganisms or microbes are organisms that cannot be seen under the naked human eye but can be seen with microscopic assistance, which can be seen in...

Pathogens and Health Pathogens are disease-causing microorganisms. These diverse microorganisms include fungi, bacteria, viruses, unicellular eukaryotes, and multicellular eukaryotes (Balloux &...

Coronary Heart Disease Section 1: Scenario Description Mrs. S is a 68-year-old African-American female with a medical history of hypertension, chronic heart failure, and chronic obstructive...

The Complexity of Human Organs-Heart The structure of the human body consists of organs that collaborate to perform specific functions and maintain homeostasis. The heart is an important organ in...

Case Studies in Neurology Case Study 1: Chen The role of the spinal cord and brain in this response In the scenario mentioned above, the response exhibited is called a reflex arc. A reflex arc is an...

Understanding Autosomal DNA Ethnicity Estimation Understanding Autosomal DNA Inheritance Autosomal DNA (atDNA) is inherited through autosomal chromosomes called autosomes. Autosomal chromosomes...