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Pathophysiology of Diabetes mellitus

Pathophysiology of Diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease of metabolism in which individuals have high blood sugar levels because of insufficient insulin, insulin resistance,...

Prenatal Development

Prenatal Development Pregnancy is primarily divided into three-month stages called trimesters. The first trimester (fertilization to week 12) is mainly characterized by cleavage, implantation,...

Sexual Differentiation

Sexual Differentiation The SRY (sex-determining region of the Y) gene is a single-copy gene on the Y chromosome of mammals. When present and active, the SRY gene induces and results in the...

Glomerular Filtration

Glomerular Filtration Glomerular filtration is the permeation of water and certain solutes in the blood from “the capillaries of the glomerulus” to the “capsular region of the nephron” (Saladin,...

Glucose Metabolism

Glucose Metabolism Glucose is the main source of energy in the body and is usually stored as glycogen when in excess in the blood. The maintenance of glucose homeostasis is crucial to ensure energy...