Barriers to Mental Health Access Among Migrant Communities Across Jurisdictions

Barriers to Mental Health Access Among Migrant Communities Across Jurisdictions

Chapter 1

Problem Statement

Description	Met	Not Met	N/A
1.     The problem is clear, concise, reflective of the purpose statement, and is cited.	X

Evidence/Examples:

The article dissertation seeks to uncover barriers to mental health across migrant communities across jurisdictions. The problem statement is clearly and concisely stated in the article. As evident in the publication, the problem is that the migrant population faces complex and specialized challenges when accessing mental healthcare services, and these challenges are yet to be addressed.  The problem statement is also reflective of the purpose statement. It portrays what the investigators are seeking to find from the research processes. As demonstrated in the article, the article sought to uncover the barriers migrants face in accessing mental health services (Forray et al., 2024).

Purpose of the Study

Description	Met	Not Met	N/A
1.     The purpose is clear and aligns with the problem.	X
2.     Research method and design are stated and are appropriate to the proposed study.	X
3.     The study objectives are clearly stated.	X
4.     Geographic location of study is identified without compromising confidentiality.	X
5.     Quantitative and mixed method: Research variables are identified.			NA

Evidence/Examples:

The purpose of the qualitative study is to uncover barriers migrants face when accessing healthcare services in Germany, Romania, the Netherlands, South Africa, and China. The purpose statement aligns with the problem statement on multiple fronts.  The author skews the purpose statement towards interrogating aspects of the problems, such as barriers to mental healthcare. The thematic concern portrayed in the problem statement is also consistent with the theme in the purpose statement. As evident in the publications, access to mental healthcare is the major thematic area identified in the problem statement. This theme is maintained in the purpose statement, as the purpose of the research is to uncover barriers to mental healthcare services (Forray et al., 2024).

The research method utilized in the study is qualitative research. The authors clearly state that the qualitative methods will be used to answer the research questions. As evident in the article, the authors arrived at qualitative methodologies as they allow the delineation of multilayered interactions between the healthcare systems and migrants (Forray et al., 2024). The qualitative method is appropriate for the study. Qualitative research methodologies allow researchers to gather participants’ opinions, perceptions, and behavior. They are best suited for the study as they answer the why of the identified phenomenon (Busetto et al., 2020). Through this method, the researcher can interrogate the interactions between the target populations and the healthcare systems and, in the process, delineate barriers to mental healthcare services as perceived by individuals within the target communities.

While the research method is outlined in the article, the qualitative research design used remains unclear. There are many designs applicable to qualitative research. Case studies, phenomenology, grounded research, and ethnography are some of the widely used qualitative designs (Tomaszewski et al., 2020). Case study designs are better suited for the research as they facilitate a better understanding of the phenomenon.

The study’s objectives are clearly stated. As evident in the article, the objectives of the qualitative research included identifying and categorizing specific barriers to accessing and treating adult migrants within mental health services and exploring how language barriers exacerbate the identified challenges to accessing mental healthcare services and treatment outcomes for patients and caregivers (Forray et al., 2024).

The geographical locations of the study were also stated. As demonstrated in the article, the study was conducted in the Netherlands, South Africa, China, Germany, and Romania (Forray et al., 2024). The author observed the ethical mandate of confidentiality in research by concealing the identities of the research participants.

Population and Sample

Description	Met	Not Met	N/A
1.     Population(s) and participant sample size or other sources of proposed data are identified.	X

Evidence/Examples:

The population and participant sample size were identified. From the research, the participants and literature were the primary sources of information used in the research. The existing literature on the barriers for mental healthcare for migrants were employed in the design of the data collection tools used in the study. The research participants were also integral to the study. Their responses informed the findings and subsequent conclusions and recommendations. The participants were persons working in health and help organizations in China, the Netherlands, Germany, Romania, and South-Africa. The study utilized a sample size of 42.

Nature of the Study

Description	Met	Not Met	N/A
1.     Discussion of the appropriateness of the research method (quantitative, qualitative, or mixed) is provided.	X
2.     Discussion of the design appropriateness and how the design will accomplish the study objectives is provided.		X

Evidence/Examples:

The study utilized a qualitative research method. This method is appropriate for the study. The author clearly states why the method was selected. As evident in the article, the author narrates that the study is nested on the multilayered interactions between migrants and the healthcare systems. The author also noted that the choice of qualitative research methodology was informed by the ecological theoretical postulates. The ecology theory posits that environmental systems influence an individual’s development (Tong & An, 2024). Understanding the systems is thus crucial in determining interpersonal and intrapersonal factors in poor access to mental healthcare.

The specific qualitative research design utilized in the study remains unclear. The author did not concisely report the qualitative approach utilized in answering the research questions. Likewise, the author failed to mention whether the approach used accomplished the objectives.

Research Questions/Hypotheses

Description	Met	Not Met	N/A
1.     Research questions align with the purpose of the study. Research questions fully encompass the purpose; they are not broader or narrower than the stated objectives.	X

Evidence/Examples:

The research questions were aligned with the purpose of the study. The questions used fully encompassed within the purpose of the study. As evident in the article, the themes of barriers to mental healthcare among migrants formed the basis for the research questions (Forray et al., 2024).

Chapter 3

Research Method and Design Appropriateness

Description	Met	Not Met	N/A
1.     The section elaborates on the Chapter 1 discussion of rationale for research method (quantitative, qualitative, or mixed) appropriateness, including a discussion of why the selected method was chosen instead of another.	X
2.     The section elaborates on the Chapter 1 discussion of rationale for proposed research design appropriateness. Compares the appropriates of the proposed design to two or three alternate research designs. The discussions are supported by citations from methodological theorists.		X
3.     The section includes a discussion of how the proposed design will accomplish the study goals and why design is the optimum choice for this specific research.		X

Evidence/Examples:

The methodology section of the article affirmed the use of qualitative research methods in answering the research question. According to the article, qualitative methodology was best positioned to answer the research question as it allows the investigator to gather participants’ opinions on a phenomenon. In the proposed research, this methodology provided a pathway towards interrogating the normative interactions between a multilayered healthcare system and migrants and how these interactions interplayed in influencing access to mental healthcare within migrant communities. The author failed to assert why qualitative methodologies were preferred over other methods in the proposed research. Borgstede and Scholz (2021) note that qualitative methods are exploratory and are preferred when the researcher is unaware of what to expect in the research.

The research design used in the study is unclear. The author failed to elaborate on the qualitative approach used to answer the research question. Additionally, the appropriateness of the design used remained unclear through the methodology section. It was also unclear whether the design used accomplished the study goals.

Research Questions/Hypotheses

Description	Met	Not Met	N/A
1.     The restated research questions and hypotheses are consistent with those presented in Chapter 1.	X

Evidence/Examples:

The research questions used were consistent with those stated in Chapter 1. As evident in the article, the author noted that the study sought to use semi-structured interviews to interrogate barriers that impact access and treatment of migrants with mental health needs. This shows thematic consistency across the problem and purpose statement, as well as with the research questions (Forray et al., 2024).

Population and Sample

Description	Met	Not Met	N/A
1.     Population: The section includes an elaboration of population information given in Chapter 1. Description matches the overview discussion given in Chapter 1. For studies without primary data, the section discusses the proposed sources of the study data, such as archival data.	X
2.     Sample: The section includes an elaboration of information given in Chapter 1. The discussion supports the proposed participant number and how the sampling number was determined. For studies without primary data, the section discusses the proposed sampling of the secondary sources.

Evidence/Examples:

The population description in the third chapter is consistent with the information given in chapter one. The chapter notes that the target participants are persons working with health and help organizations. The chapter elaborates on the participants by detailing their characteristics, inclusion criteria, and other identifying factors such as age. The sample information in the first chapter was also consistent with data from chapter one. The study utilized a sample size of 42. A purposive sampling strategy was utilized in the study and is clearly stated by the author. Informed Consent and Confidentiality

Description	Met	Not Met	N/A
1.     The section discusses how informed consent will be obtained from participants and describes any signed permissions already obtained.		X
2.     The section describes how any confidential data will be stored and later destroyed.		X
3.     The section discusses the process of removing identifiers from within confidential data.		X

Evidence/Examples:

The author highlights the recruitment process but fails to mention how informed consent and signed permissions were obtained. It also fails to demonstrate how confidential data will be stored and later destroyed. While there is a confidentiality clause in the article, the processes of removing identified confidential data were not stated concisely (Forray et al., 2024).

Instrumentation

Description	Met	Not Met	N/A
1.     The section describes any instrumentation to be used to collect primary data such as qualitative questionnaires, interview protocols, or surveys.	X
2.     The section discusses the role of the researcher.	X
3.     The section includes a table to indicate how the instrumentation items align to the research questions or hypotheses.		X

Evidence/Examples:

Semi-structured interviews were the primary data collection instruments utilized in the study. The section highlighted how this instrumentation was arrived at. According to the author, existing literature on the barriers to mental healthcare informed the interview questions (Forray et al., 2024). The role of the researcher was also discussed. According to the author, the researcher was tasked with conducting interviews, analyzing the obtained data, and disseminating the findings. However, a table indicating how the instrumentation aligns with the research question or hypothesis was missing.

Field Test or Pilot Study

Description	Met	Not Met	N/A
1.     Qualitative and mixed-method studies: The section describes the field test conducted on qualitative instrumentation and whether the results of the field test were used to revise the instrumentation.		X

Evidence/Examples:

The section was unclear whether a field test was conducted on the qualitative instrumentation used. It also failed to demonstrate whether the results of the field test were used to revise the instrumentation.

Data Collection

Description	Met	Not Met	N/A
1.     The discussion provides a complete description of the processes to be used to collect any primary or secondary data and describes each phase of data collection process clearly.	X
2.     The discussion includes how any participants will be recruited for participation and describes any permissions required to collect primary or secondary data.		X

Evidence/Examples:

Data collection processes were described. As evident in the article, semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Interviews were conducted via online platforms, in-person visits, and through telephone. The process of recruiting the research participants was unclear. While the author mentioned that purposive sampling was used to come up with a sample size of 42, how the participants were recruited was under addressed. Additionally, the author did not state how permissions were obtained.

Chapter 4

Data Analysis

Description	Met	Not Met	N/A
1.     The section discusses why the study is important and what this research may contribute to knowledge.	X

Evidence/Examples:

The significance of the study was clearly stated. The author noted that the findings of the study will contribute to the knowledge of challenges with access to mental healthcare among migrants. The findings will also inform policy formulation and practices to enhance accessibility and quality of mental healthcare.

Results

Description	Met	Not Met	N/A
1.     Results are reported clearly. Any resultant themes are stated in short, complete sentences, and hypotheses testing results are stated in statistical terms and clearly describing whether the null statement was supported or not supported.	X
2.     Qualitative themes are supported by sufficient examples of participant direct quotes.	X

Evidence/Examples:

The results were reported clearly. The thematic areas of language and communication impediments to mental healthcare, systemic constraints, and cultural barriers emanated from the research. These findings were supported by sufficient examples of direct quotes from the participants.

References

Borgstede, M., & Scholz, M. (2021). Quantitative and qualitative approaches to generalization and replication–a representationalist view. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.605191

Busetto, L., Wick, W., & Gumbinger, C. (2020). How to use and assess qualitative research methods. Neurological Research and Practice, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s42466-020-00059-z

Forray, A. I., Oltean, O., Hanft-Robert, S., Madzamba, R., Liem, A., Schouten, B., Anthonissen, C., Swartz, L., Cherecheș, R. M., Higgen, S., Hall, B. J., & Mösko, M. (2024). Uncovering multi-level mental healthcare barriers for migrants: A qualitative analysis across China, Germany, Netherlands, Romania, and South Africa. BMC Public Health, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19046-z

Tomaszewski, L. E., Zarestky, J., & Gonzalez, E. (2020). Planning qualitative research: Design and decision making for new researchers. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 19, 160940692096717. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406920967174

Tong, P., & An, I. S. (2024). Review of studies applying Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory in International and Intercultural Education Research. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1233925

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As you probably know by now, a big part of your doctoral journal will be the completion of a doctoral dissertation. For this week’s assignment, you will explore the University of Phoenix Dissertation Database and review any qualitative dissertation dated 2020 and newer on a topic that interests you. You will analyze the qualitative method, design, and alignment with what you have learned so far in this class.

Complete the Qualitative Dissertation Review Worksheet.