Assessment 3 Instructions- Assessing the Problem- Technology Care Coordination and Community Resources Considerations

Assessment 3 Instructions- Assessing the Problem- Technology Care Coordination and Community Resources Considerations

Part 1

Hypertension is one of the significant causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. An estimated 1.28 billion adults globally have hypertension, with less than 42% of adults with hypertension diagnosed and treated (World Health Organization, 2021). The complications that result from hypertension include kidney failure, heart attack, and stroke. There is documented evidence that pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions are effective in managing hypertension and reducing complications (Ripley et al., 2015). Despite the clear benefits of hypertension control, many patients with hypertension are not getting quality care.

Impact of Healthcare Technology on Hypertension

Healthcare professionals must augment traditional hypertension management models with new technological approaches to promote self-management of hypertension. One such technology that can be used is E-health. E-health is a range of activities that use information technology to store and use healthcare information for healthcare purposes such as administration, diagnosis treatment, education, prevention, and patient monitoring (Wernhart et al., 2019). In recent times, healthcare delivery companies have adopted technology to ensure that they deliver quality care to their patients. The types of e-health include clinical decision support tools, telemedicine, electronic health records, and teleconsultation. There are several e-health applications, such as wearable watches, online prescriptions, and interactive systems.

Electronic health records include software that has patient information such as medical history, medications, diagnostic tests, allergies, and patient demographics  (Schopf et al., 2019). EHRs help support the decision-making of clinical teams. This improves the quality of care in hypertension. Healthcare providers can use telemedicine and telehealth for hypertension. Telemedicine involves using information technology to remotely deliver healthcare, offer patient education, and monitor patients (Wernhart et al., 2019). Telemedicine is critical in hypertension since it reduces physician visits, which reduces the costs of hypertension. In addition to this, it can also be used to educate patients and promote self-management of hypertension.

Telehealth can be delivered through web connections. Web-shared platforms are essential in hypertension management since they promote collaborative care and enhance communication within the multidisciplinary healthcare team. One application that can be used is the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT allows healthcare professionals to monitor patients remotely. They improve patient engagement, prevent readmissions, reduce healthcare costs, and improve patient outcomes (Kelly et al., 2020). Patients can have a wearable device to monitor their blood pressure readings. This can help physicians to monitor patients constantly and implement strategies that will help manage hypertension effectively.  The significant advantages of using IoT in hypertension management are reduced costs, improved treatment, faster diagnosis, proactive treatment, and error reduction (Kelly et al., 2020).

The adoption of healthcare technologies is still poor. This can be linked to poor implementation, lack of support by management, and financial constraints (Zayyad & Toycan, 2018). The adoption of technology in the management of hypertension is beneficial to the patient and the healthcare delivery industry. These technologies help to build strong therapeutic relationships between patients and providers due to constant information. They also empower these patients and promote self-management, which leads to positive healthcare outcomes (Kelly et al., 2020). These technologies also promote patient-centered care, which improves hypertension management. Through telemedicine, providers and patients can communicate remotely, which promotes good patient monitoring and education. Some of the challenges to integrating e-health into healthcare include a lack of proper infrastructure, financial implications of installing and training healthcare professionals, and legal and privacy issues (Zayyad & Toycan, 2018). These barriers can hinder the use of technology in hypertension management.

How Care Coordination and Use of Community Resources Can Address Hypertension

Team-based healthcare, which uses evidence-based strategies, is essential in the management of hypertension. Interprofessional collaboration involves different professionals such as physicians, pharmacists, nurses, and patients to improve blood pressure management, enhance patient engagement, and improve the quality of care (Lee et al., 2021). Interprofessional collaboration also reduces healthcare costs. Interprofessional collaboration in hypertension management is an organizational approach that facilitates the improvement of healthcare quality, increased patient satisfaction, and reduced healthcare costs (Lee et al., 2021). In a multidisciplinary team, care is patient-centered. The patient is at the center of the care team. The different members of the team have defined roles, and they complement each other. The roles of the multidisciplinary team include diagnosis, patient follow-up, drug administration, medication adherence, and self-management (Lee et al., 2021).

Effective communication in a multidisciplinary team enhances care coordination and improves the quality of care that patients receive (Lee et al., 2021). The multidisciplinary team promotes patient engagement and educates them on the importance of hypertension management. A systematic review and meta-analysis of many studies have proved the efficacy of interprofessional collaboration in managing hypertension (Lee et al., 2021). Nursing and pharmacy care have helped lower blood pressure readings and the attainment of therapeutic goals. The meta-analysis has shown that multidisciplinary teams are linked with improved patient satisfaction, lower hospitalization rates, and enhanced quality of care (Lee et al., 2021).

Many community resources that patients with hypertension can use to improve their wellness, self-management, and health status. These resources can also help improve the coping strategies for hypertensive patients. One such resource is the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. This community resource gives regular information on hypertension management (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2021). This will enhance patients’ hypertension literacy. Patient literacy will improve healthcare outcomes. The second community resource that patients can use is the American Heart Association. Through its website, patients can get critical healthcare information and non-pharmacological strategies that can be used to improve healthcare outcomes in hypertension (American Heart Association, 2021).

Some of the barriers that can prevent the full use of community resources include a lack of follow-up and financial constraints that may prevent hypertensive patients from accessing the available community resources. Furthermore, patients may not be technologically literate to access the websites of the available community resources. Some of the barriers that may impact interprofessional collaboration include poor communication, lack of defined roles, poor medication adherence by patients, and financial constraints (Lee et al., 2021).

State Board Nursing Practice Standards and/or Government Policies

The federal government is tirelessly working to promote the quality of healthcare services, reduce healthcare costs, and increase access to healthcare services. The Texas Board of Nursing guides nurses on how to practice within their scope. This board ensures that nurses strictly adhere to the nursing Code of Ethics and stipulates nursing education, licensure, certification, and practice (Texas Board of Nursing, 2021). Evidence-based practice has been adopted to enhance the quality of care for hypertensive patients. The nursing  Code of Ethics guides nurses on how to provide patient care and interact with a multidisciplinary healthcare team (Butts & Rich, 2019). Due to increasing patient demands in hypertension, nurses should be certified as cardiology nurses by their respective boards of nursing.

The Affordable Care Act promotes the implementation of patient-centered care (Griffith & Bor, 2020). This care promotes the implementation of value-based care instead of traditional volume-based care. This has promoted the implementation of preventive care, which can help in hypertension prevention and control. The American population is increasingly aging; hence, a preventive approach to care is fundamental. Another policy affecting care coordination and technology use is the Health Insurance  Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). HIPAA was enacted to promote the privacy of patient information (Cohen & Mello, 2018). This act stipulates guidelines on the use and dissemination of patient information. It establishes penalties for violating the sections of this act. This law is important to all healthcare professionals who use technology and are part of a multidisciplinary healthcare team.

Nurses should also be guided by ethical principles during care collaboration. Non-maleficence stipulates that nurses should not intentionally harm patients during the provision of care (Butts & Rich, 2019). Healthcare professionals must determine whether their actions will harm their patients. As a care coordinator, a nurse leader should be guided by ethical principles when managing hypertensive patients. Nurse leaders should respect patient autonomy. Patients have a right to make informed decisions concerning the care they receive (Butts & Rich, 2019). Autonomy is important in care coordination.

Part 2

During the practicum hours, I met with Mr. Daniels, who has been diagnosed with hypertension. I also met an expert in hypertension known as Dr. Patrick Duncan. During this session, I learned that a sedentary lifestyle is a significant risk factor for hypertension. People are busy leading their lives, and hence it is critical to bring care close to their homes. I also learned that people find it difficult to visit healthcare facilities unless they fall critically ill. It is thus critical to develop a technology to manage hypertensive patients in the comfort of their homes. In the meeting with Dr. Duncan, I learned that patients with hypertension can monitor their blood pressure readings and convey the readings to their doctor. I further learned that care coordination and the use of community resources could enhance healthcare outcomes. Effectively utilizing community resources can help in the prevention and management of hypertension. I reviewed the American Heart Association website and learned of best practices in managing hypertension.

From this website, I learned that managing hypertension can be effectively done by addressing the risk factors. Non-pharmacological care should focus on lifestyle modifications, healthy diet, reduced smoking, reducing alcohol, and medication adherence. Patient education is critical in improving patient literacy. Patients with hypertension should be enrolled in hypertension education programs. Hypertension incidences are increasing, with many individuals affected by this condition. It reduces the quality of life. Managing hypertension also adds an extra financial burden to patients. Patients need better healthcare practices to help them manage this condition. I realized this when I was talking to Mr. Daniels. I was surprised that most patients do not know of wearables that can measure blood pressure. Despite the increased access to smartphones and computers, most patients still do not understand how to use this technology.

References

American Heart Association. (2021). About Us. www.heart.org. https://www.heart.org/

Butts, J. B., & Rich, K. L. (2019). Nursing ethics. Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Cohen, I. G., & Mello, M. M. (2018). HIPAA and protecting health information in the 21st century. JAMA, 320(3), 231. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.5630

Griffith, K. N., & Bor, J. H. (2020). Changes in health care access, behaviors, and self-reported health among low-income US adults through the fourth year of the Affordable Care Act. Medical Care, 58(6), 574-578. https://doi.org/10.1097/mlr.0000000000001321

Kelly, J. T., Campbell, K. L., Gong, E., & Scuffham, P. (2020). The Internet of Things: Impact and implications for health care delivery. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(11), e20135. https://doi.org/10.2196/20135

Lee, J. K., McCutcheon, L. R., Fazel, M. T., Cooley, J. H., & Slack, M. K. (2021). Assessment of interprofessional collaborative practices and outcomes in adults with diabetes and hypertension in primary care. JAMA Network Open, 4(2), e2036725. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.36725

National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. (2021). NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE. Advancing Heart, Lung, Blood, and Sleep Research & Innovation | NHLBI, NIH. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/

Ripley, T. L., Brenner, M., Finks, S., Hough, A., McConnell, K. J., Parker, M., & Dobesh, P. P. (2015). Key articles and guidelines in the management of hypertension. Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 28(2), 146-161. https://doi.org/10.1177/0897190014568382

Schopf, T. R., Nedrebø, B., Hufthammer, K. O., Daphu, I. K., & Lærum, H. (2019). How well is the electronic health record supporting the clinical tasks of hospital physicians? A survey of physicians at three Norwegian hospitals. BMC Health Services Research, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4763-0

Texas Board of Nursing. (2021). Welcome to the Texas Board of Nursing Website. https://www.bon.texas.gov/

Wernhart, A., Gahbauer, S., & Haluza, D. (2019). EHealth and telemedicine: Practices and beliefs among healthcare professionals and medical students at a medical university. PLOS ONE, 14(2), e0213067. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213067

World Health Organization. (2021, May 17). Hypertension. WHO | World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension

Zayyad, M. A., & Toycan, M. (2018). Factors affecting sustainable adoption of e-Health technology in developing countries: An exploratory survey of Nigerian hospitals from the perspective of healthcare professionals. PeerJ, 6, e4436. https://doi.org/10.7717/

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*Capstone Assignment 3*
In a 5-7 page written assessment, determine how healthcare technology, coordination of care, and community resources can be applied to address the patient, family, or population problem you’ve defined. In addition, plan to spend approximately 2 direct practicum hours exploring these aspects of the problem with the patient, family, or group you’ve chosen to work with and, if desired, consulting with the subject matter and industry experts. Document the time spent (your practicum hours) with these individuals or groups in the Core Elms Volunteer Experience Form. Report on your experiences during the second 2 hours of your practicum.

Introduction
As a baccalaureate-prepared nurse, you’ll be positioned to maximize the use of technology to achieve positive patient outcomes and improve organizational effectiveness. Providing holistic coordination of patient care across the entire healthcare continuum and leveraging community resource services can lead both to positive patient outcomes and organizational improvements.

Preparation
In this assessment, you’ll determine how healthcare technology, coordination of care, and community resources can be applied to address the health problem you’ve defined. Plan to spend at least 2 direct practicum hours working with the same patient, family, or group. During this time, you may also choose to consult with subject matter and industry experts.

To prepare for the assessment:

Review the assessment instructions and scoring guide to ensure that you understand the work you will be asked to complete and how it will be assessed.
Conduct sufficient research of the scholarly and professional literature to inform your assessment and meet scholarly expectations for supporting evidence.
Review the Practicum Focus Sheet: Assessment 3 [PDF], which provides guidance for conducting this portion of your practicum.
Note: Remember that you can submit all, or a portion of your draft assessment to Smarthinking for feedback before you submit the final version. If you plan on using this free service, be mindful of the turnaround time of 24–48 hours for receiving feedback.

Instructions
Complete this assessment in two parts.

Part 1
Determine how healthcare technology, the coordination of care, and the use of community resources can be applied to address the patient, family, or population problem you’ve defined. Plan to spend at least 2 practicum hours exploring these aspects of the problem with the patient, family, or group. During this time, you may also consult with subject matter and industry experts of your choice. Document the time spent (your practicum hours) with these individuals or groups in the Core Elms Volunteer Experience Form. Use the Practicum Focus Sheet: Assessment 3 [PDF] provided for this assessment to guide your work and interpersonal interactions.

Part 2
Report on your experiences during the second 2 hours of your practicum.

Whom did you meet with?
What did you learn from them?
Comment on the evidence-based practice (EBP) documents or websites you reviewed.
What did you learn from that review?
Share the process and experience of exploring the effect of the problem on the quality of care, patient safety, and costs to the system and individual.
Did your plan to address the problem change based upon your experiences?
What surprised you, or was of particular interest to you, and why?
CORE ELMS
Update the total number of hours on the NURS-FPX4900 Volunteer Experience Form in CORE ELMS.

Requirements
The assessment requirements outlined below correspond to the scoring guide criteria, so be sure to address each main point. Read the performance-level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed. In addition, note the additional requirements for document format and length and for supporting evidence.

Analyze the impact of healthcare technology on the patient, family, or population problem.
Cite evidence from the literature that addresses the advantages and disadvantages of specific technologies, including research studies that present opposing views.
Determine whether the evidence is consistent with the technology use you see in your nursing practice.
Identify potential barriers and costs associated with the use of specific technologies and how those technologies are applied within the context of this problem.
Explain how care coordination and the utilization of community resources can be used to address the patient, family, or population problem.
Cite evidence from the literature that addresses the benefits of care coordination and the utilization of community resources, including research studies that present opposing views.
Determine whether the evidence is consistent with how you see care coordination and community resources used in your nursing practice.
Identify barriers to the use of care coordination and community resources in the context of this problem.
Analyze state board nursing practice standards and/or organizational or governmental policies associated with health care technology, care coordination, and community resources and document the practicum hours spent with these individuals or group in the Core Elms Volunteer Experience Form.
Explain how these standards or policies will guide your actions in applying technology, care coordination, and community resources to address care quality, patient safety, and costs to the system and individual.
Describe the effects of local, state, and federal policies or legislation on your nursing scope of practice, within the context of technology, care coordination, and community resources.
Explain how nursing ethics will inform your approach to addressing the problem through the use of applied technology, care coordination, and community resources.
Document the time spent (your practicum hours) with these individuals or group in the Core Elms Volunteer Experience Form.
Support main points, assertions, arguments, conclusions, or recommendations with relevant and credible evidence.
Apply APA style and formatting to scholarly writing.
Additional Requirements
Format: Format your paper using APA style. APA Style Paper Tutorial [DOCX] is provided to help you in writing and formatting your paper. Be sure to include:
A title page and reference page. An abstract is not required.
Appropriate section headings.
Length: Your paper should be approximately 5–7 pages in length, not including the reference page.
Supporting evidence: Cite at least five sources of scholarly or professional evidence that support your central ideas. Resources should be no more than five years old. Provide in-text citations and references in APA format.
Proofreading: Proofread your paper, before you submit it, to minimize errors that could distract readers and make it more difficult for them to focus on its substance.
Competencies Measured
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies through the following assessment scoring guide criteria:

Competency 4: Apply health information and patient care technology to improve patient and systems outcomes.
Analyze the impact of health care technology on a patient, family, or population problem.
Competency 5: Analyze the impact of health policy on quality and cost of care.
Analyze state board nursing practice standards and/or organizational or governmental policies associated with health technology, care coordination, and community resources and document the practicum hours spent with these individuals or groups in the Core Elms Volunteer Experience Form.
Competency 6: Collaborate interprofessionally to improve patient and population outcomes.
Explain how care coordination and the utilization of community resources can be used to address a patient, family, or population problem.
Competency 8: Integrate professional standards and values into practice.
Support main points, assertions, arguments, conclusions, or recommendations with relevant and credible evidence.
Apply APA style and formatting to scholarly writing.

Practicum Focus Sheet 3
Practicum Focus Sheet
Assessment 3
Note: Expect to spend at least 2 hours with the patient, family, or group you’ll be working with
during this portion of your practicum, exploring issues of technology, care coordination, and
community resources associated with the health problem you’ve defined. This includes time
spent in consultation with subject matter or industry experts.
For this portion of your practicum, discuss in depth how healthcare technology, the coordination
of care, and the use of community resources can be applied to address the problem. Consider
the following questions to help guide your exploration of these aspects of the problem and make
the most of your time:
Technology
• Do they use a device, such as a blood pressure cuff, pulse oximeter, or glucose monitor,
to monitor the problem?
• Have they used a smartphone app to help manage the problem?
• Would telehealth be an option to help manage the problem?
• Are any websites used to obtain more information about the problem?
Care Coordination and Community Resources
• Have home care, physical therapy, dialysis, or other types of care been used to manage
the problem?
• Is transportation available to travel to problem-related appointments?
• Have support groups been helpful in addressing the problem?
• Have religious institutions been helpful in managing the problem?