Assessing A Healthcare Program-Policy Evaluation

Assessing A Healthcare Program-Policy Evaluation

Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation	National Diabetes Prevention Program (National DPP)
Description	The National Diabetes Prevention Program (National DPP) is a research-based lifestyle intervention program that was developed in 2010 by CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). The main objectives of the interventional program were to help people who were at a high risk of developing diabetes to prevent or slow down the onset of type 2 diabetes (CDC, 2022). The National DPP promotes evidence-based and cost-effective interventions for preventing diabetes, such as healthy eating, improved physical activity, and ensuring the participants maintain weight levels that are considered ideal for healthy living (CDC, 2022).
How was the success of the program or policy measured?	The National DPP’s success was measured based on multiple outcomes of the program, such as delay in diabetes development, reduction of type 2 diabetes incidences, improvement in blood sugar management, weight loss outcomes, and the participants’ willingness to adopt healthier lifestyle and eating behaviors (National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 2022).
How many people were reached by the program or policy selected? How much of an impact was realized with the program or policy selected?	The National DPP, as a public-private partnership program, has reached and impacted many individuals, with an estimated 500,000 individuals already enrolled and impacted by the program. Data presented and reviewed by the CDC showed that as of December 31, 2019, the program had a total of 455,954 participants. These participants had enrolled in different ways, including in-person enrolments with a total of 166,691 participants, online enrollments with 269,004 participants; distance-learning mode with 4,786 participants; and a total of 15,473 participants who had combined enrolment methods (Cannon et al., 2022). Evidence from a review of the National DPP after three years of implementation shows that the program helped reduce the risk of developing diabetes among at-risk populations by 58 percent (National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 2022). Additionally, a follow-up on the participants after ten years of participation in the program showed that the participants had a reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes by a third as compared to the general at-risk population not enrolled in the National DPP (National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 2022).
At what point in program implementation was the program or policy evaluation conducted?	The National DPP gets evaluated continuously with set milestones throughout the implementation process. It was first evaluated after 3 years to determine its short-term impact in 2019 (Cannon et al., 2022).
What data was used to conduct the program or policy evaluation?	Evaluation data, as indicated by (Cannon et al., 2022) for the National DPP, included demographic information of participants such as age, gender, and other types of data such as clinical outcomes, including blood glucose levels, weight, and blood pressure. The data also includes the mode of enrolment and rate of adherence.
What specific information on unintended consequences was identified?	There were some unintended consequences of the National DPP on the participants. Some specific unintended consequences of the program included increased negative emotional outcomes among some of the participants who were extremely overweight and could not achieve notable lifestyle and eating behavioral changes within the times of evaluation and negative emotional outcomes among low-income individuals who could not fully participate in the program as they had to work due to their financial situation. Additionally, the program could have contributed to inequitable access to healthcare services as people from low-income backgrounds and people with disabilities could find it hard to participate in some of the program activities.
What stakeholders were identified in the evaluation of the program or policy? Who would benefit most from the results and reporting of the program or policy evaluation? Be specific and provide examples.	Stakeholders in the evaluation of the National DPP included healthcare organizations and providers, for-profit insurers, and the participants. The results are beneficial majorly to medical providers, policymakers, insurance organizations, community health organizations, and the general population.
Did the program or policy meet the original intent and objectives? Why or why not?	Based on the outcomes of the National DPP identified in the 15-year follow-up, the program has successfully met its original intent and objectives.
Would you recommend implementing this program or policy in your place of work? Why or why not?	I would largely recommend the implementation of the National DPP in my workplace as it is an evidence-based program that would help directly engage the community and the workers to reduce their risk of diabetes as well as reduce the burden of diabetes on individual and national economies.
Identify at least two ways that you, as a nurse advocate, could become involved in evaluating a program or policy after one year of implementation.	My approach to becoming a part of the evaluation of a program or policy after one year of implementation would be to get directly involved in patient follow-ups and collaborate with healthcare specialists involved in the evaluation process.
General Notes/Comments	Evidence-based health programs such as the National DPP have proved to be effective approaches to the prevention of diabetes (Gruss et al., 2019). Programs such as the National DPP have the potential to translate research evidence to action and help identify and prevent high-risk populations and the general from developing diabetes not only in the U.S. but also at the global level.

References

Cannon, M. J., Ng, B. P., Lloyd, K., Reynolds, J., & Ely, E. K. (2022). Delivering the National Diabetes Prevention Program: Assessment of Enrollment in In-Person and Virtual Organizations. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2942918

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2022). National Diabetes Prevention Program. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/prevention/index.html

Gruss, S. M., Nhim, K., Gregg, E., Bell, M., Luman, E., & Albright, A. (2019). Public Health Approaches to Type 2 Diabetes Prevention: the U.S. National Diabetes Prevention Program and Beyond. Current Diabetes Reports, 19(9). https://doi.org/10.1007/S11892-019-1200-Z

National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (2022). Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP). NIDDKD. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/about-niddk/research-areas/diabetes/diabetes-prevention-program-

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Program/policy evaluation is a valuable tool that can help strengthen the quality of programs/policies and improve outcomes for the populations they serve. Program/policy evaluation answers basic questions about program/policy effectiveness. It involves collecting and analyzing information about program/policy activities, characteristics, and outcomes. This information can be used to ultimately improve program services or policy initiatives.

Nurses can play a very important role in assessing program/policy evaluation for the same reasons that they can be so important to program/policy design. Nurses bring expertise and patient advocacy that can add significant insight and impact. In this Assignment, you will practice applying this expertise and insight by selecting an existing healthcare program or policy evaluation and reflecting on the criteria used to measure the effectiveness of the program/policy.

RESOURCES

Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
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WEEKLY RESOURCES

To Prepare:

Review the Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation Analysis Template provided in the Resources.
Select an existing healthcare program or policy evaluation or choose one of interest to you.
Review community, state, or federal policy evaluation and reflect on the criteria used to measure the effectiveness of the program or policy described.
The Assignment: (2–3 pages)