Anxiety and Related Disorders-Generalized anxiety disorder

Anxiety and Related Disorders-Generalized anxiety disorder

DSM: Generalized anxiety disorder

Instrument: Generalized anxiety disorder 7-item (GAD-7)

Article: General Anxiety Disorder-7 Questionnaire as a Marker of Low Socioeconomic Status and Inequity

Appropriateness for Dx: The GAD-7 tool maintains appropriateness in the screening of generalized anxiety disorders. It is a frequently used self-report assessment tool that captures symptomatic manifestations of anxiety disorders as detailed in DSM-V and is thus suitable for diagnosing anxiety disorders (Dhira et al., 2021). Despite its effectiveness and validity in diagnosing these disorders, it cannot be used independently to diagnose these illnesses but rather as part of the comprehensive assessment of these disorders. Further diagnostic assessments are necessary to distinguish the type of anxiety disorder involved.

Response to Therapy/Treatment: GAD-7 can be used to measure patients’ responses to therapy or treatment. The GAD-7 scoring system reveals the severity of the disease. By monitoring their clients’ GAD-7 scores, caregivers can determine whether or not their clients are responding to therapy.

Psychometrics: GAD-7 has demonstrated excellent psychometric properties. It has a test-retest probability of .87, a sensitivity of 89%, a specificity of 82%, and excellent concurrent and factorial validity (Johnson et al., 2019). This makes this tool valuable in assessing anxiety disorders.

Limitations: Despite its effectiveness in assessing anxiety disorders, it is narrower in scope as it focuses more on generalized anxiety disorder at the expense of other anxiety disorders.

Journal Discussion from Instructions: This article explores the relationship between GAD-7 and an assembly of race, socioeconomic status, and race. It seeks to determine how demographic parameters of race and socioeconomic status correlate with GAD-7 findings. As per this article’s postulates, higher GAD-7 scores were established in the younger populations, the female sex, and the Hispanic ethnicity. This article gives the biophysical perspective of anxiety disorders (Nunes et al., 2022). Caregivers, in this respect, need to take into consideration the social determinants of the health of their patients when determining therapeutic pathways for them.

References

Dhira, T. A., Rahman, M. A., Sarker, A. R., & Mehareen, J. (2021). Validity and reliability of the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) among university students of Bangladesh. PLOS ONE, 16(12). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261590

Johnson, S. U., Ulvenes, P. G., Øktedalen, T., & Hoffart, A. (2019). Psychometric properties of the general anxiety disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale in a heterogeneous psychiatric sample. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01713

Nunes, J. C., Carroll, M. K., Mahaffey, K. W., Califf, R. M., Doraiswamy, P. M., Short, S., Shah, S. H., Swope, S., Williams, D., Hernandez, A. F., & Hong, D. S. (2022). General anxiety disorder-7 questionnaire as a marker of low socioeconomic status and inequity. Journal of Affective Disorders, 317, 287–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/

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Overview 

As you will learn throughout the program, the diagnosis of a variety of psychiatric illnesses is not always an easy or straightforward process. Multiple observations and assessment methods are often employed to reach a diagnosis. This approach can include the use of standardized assessment instruments. This then aids you in defining a treatment plan and choosing specific treatment plans to use in the care of your clients.

You are tasked with identifying a standardized assessment instrument/tool to measure the disorders listed for each week. You will keep these instruments in the form of a “portfolio” that you can use in your clinical practice to assess clients who present with a variety of symptoms.

Instructions:  

Instrument/ Tool criteria:

For each assessment, you are tasked with selecting from the DSM5 section of diagnoses (pages you scan for the week of the DSM5); you will identify an instrument and:

List what DSM diagnosis the tool/instrument is used for.

Identify an assessment/diagnosis instrument.

Appraise a scholarly, peer-reviewed article that addresses the use of the instrument to support your choice as an evidence-based instrument for practice.

Evaluate the instrument’s appropriateness for diagnosing the condition it is designed to assess or if the developers of the instrument reported that the instrument is only part of a comprehensive assessment for the disorder.

Describe whether or not the instrument can be used to measure patient response to therapy/treatment or if it is strictly for assessment and diagnosis.

Discuss the psychometrics/scoring of the instrument, including reliability and validity.

Discuss any limitations associated with the use of the instrument.

Include a link to view the assessment if possible.

Use the following journal template to complete your portfolio assignments. Your information can be in a bulleted format or just a couple of sentences for each criterion listed above. However, you must use APA citations. You are NOT required to write this in a paper format. Turn in one document for each week’s topics. (However, create a file on your desktop to compile your portfolio as you move through the term. This will ensure you can have easy access to show the full portfolio and once you begin clinicals and practice. Throughout the program, you will continue to add to the portfolio in each course.