Annotated Bibliography- Technology in Nursing

Technology in Nursing

Medication errors and adverse drug events are highly common in the healthcare sector. They occur at an alarming rate, costing the lives of people, reducing the quality of care, and increasing hospital costs. Hospitals have attempted to lessen adverse drug events and medication errors by making investments in new technologies. I am interested in this topic because it is a major problem that has affected the lives of most patients, and knowledge of technologies like barcode technology can help lessen medication errors and increase the quality and confidence of patients in health care. I employed PubMed in the search for scholarly articles on the topic. The common search terms used were barcode medication administration technology, patient safety, and quality of care.

Macias, M., Bernabeu-Andreu, F. A., Arribas, I., Navarro, F., & Baldominos, G. (2018, January). Impact of a Barcode Medication Administration System on Patient Safety. In Oncology nursing forum, 45(1), 1-13. Doi: 10.4236/health.2019.115044

This article discusses the effect that a barcode medication administration system has on patient safety. The authors claim that about 20% of medication errors are normally reported yearly. However, with barcode medication administration, medication administration errors can be lessened by allowing nurses to verify the 5 rights of medication administration (patient, dose, time, route, and drug). This technology can lessen MAEs by 56%. In the oncology department, the article cites an 85% reduction in MAEs. This also lessens the length of stay in hospitals for patients. As a result, the quality of care and patient safety are improved. The authors claim that this technology is highly useful in the nursing practice because it enables or reminds nurses to check the 5 rights of medication administration. This lowers the rate of medication administration errors and improves patient safety and quality of care. The authors also highlight the importance of an interdisciplinary healthcare team since the success and implementation of the barcode technology are based on collaboration, communication, and cooperation among these team members. Nurses are of particular importance to facilitate smooth collaboration and communication as well as maintenance and implementation of the barcode technology. This technology also enables the interdisciplinary team to uphold a culture of patient safety and spend more time on direct patient care activities. This resource is highly important because it gives insight into the importance of implementing a barcode medication administration system in hospitals to lessen medication administration errors and improve patient safety.

Truitt, E., Thompson, R., Blazey-Martin, D., Nisai, D., & Salem, D. (2016). Effect of the implementation of barcode technology and an electronic medication administration record on adverse drug events. Hospital Pharmacy, 51(6), 474-483. doi: 10.1310/hpj5106-474

This article assesses the impact of the implementation of barcode medication administration together with an electronic medication administration record technology on adverse drug events in a hospital setting. The authors claim that ADEs are among the most common errors affecting patients in hospitals, with about 18% of patients being affected by a serious ADE in the US. Additionally, the cost associated with ADEs is about $3.5 billion per year, and preventable human errors are the common causes of ADEs. The article claims that the implementation of the barcode medication administration, together with an electronic medication administration record, was associated with an improvement in patient safety as well as a reduction in the general rate of adverse drug events and transcription errors. The technologies were also linked with a reduction in the general harmful effects caused by medication administration errors. In particular, barcode technology is said to lessen serious errors by 25% and administration errors by more than 50%. Furthermore, this technology is important to the nursing practice because it streamlines workflow, allowing for more time spent with patients and ensuring quality care is provided to the patients. With a more streamlined workflow, the interdisciplinary healthcare team is able to cooperate and communicate better to ensure the success of the barcode technology in improving patient safety and quality of care. In their research, the authors compared the differences in administration errors before and after the implementation of the barcode technology and electronic medication administration records. The originality of the article made it stand out among the many possible options available on the topic of barcode technology.

Barakat, S., & Franklin, B. D. (2020). An Evaluation of the Impact of Barcode Patient and Medication Scanning on Nursing Workflow at a UK Teaching Hospital. Pharmacy, 8(3), 148-158. doi: 10.3390/pharmacy8030148

Unlike the other articles, this article emphasizes the impact of the barcode medication administration technology on nursing workflow and activity. The authors claim that this technology lessens medication errors linked to incorrect patient identity, dose, or drug. In their research, the authors claim that the technology helped to streamline workflow with reduced use of the medicines room. The rate of correct use of the 5 rights of medication administration also increased, thereby improving patient safety and quality of care. With higher rates of active medication verification and patient identification, patient safety is also improved. In most cases, the effectiveness of the technology is limited by human and technical errors. This article claims that in some cases, nurses complain of a reduction in their workflow with the use of the barcode technology due to operational difficulties. However, with proper training, this technology is highly effective. The technology is important to the nursing practice as it allows for less time spent on medication documentation and more time spent with patients hence improving the quality of care. The work of the interdisciplinary health care team can also be improved due to the streamlining in the pattern and order of work promoted by the technology. Emphasis is placed on the need for additional training and collaboration among the interdisciplinary healthcare team to prevent any errors that might occur while using the barcode technology. This article was highly useful and unique as it gave information on how nursing workflow and activity are impacted by the use and implementation of barcode technology in the hospital setting. This helps determine how well the technology can be received and maintained upon implementation in the hospital setting.

Mulac, A., Mathiesen, L., Taxis, K., & Granås, A. G. (2021). Barcode medication administration technology used in hospital practice: a mixed-methods observational study of policy deviations. BMJ quality & safety. doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2021-013223

This article gives insight into the use of barcode technology during medication administration and dispensing among nurses and also records the type and number of deviations on the use of the technology and the cause behind such deviations. The authors claim that if the barcode medication administration system is poorly implemented, it is likely to cause increased workload, disrupted workflow, and increased medication errors. The authors believe that there is a need for the adoption of a work system in relation to technology and policies in order to maximize the application of the barcode technology during medication administration and dispensing. With such adaptations, patient safety will be enhanced, and the quality of care will also improve. This technology has major implications for nursing practice. Since technical and human factors have been identified as among the major barriers to the successful implementation and utilization of barcode technology, proper training is required to ensure proper scanning rates, which enhance patient safety when the technology is used. Furthermore, some of the factors that cause ineffective use of the barcode technology include non-streamlined workflow during medication administration which is caused by a mismatch of tasks, unclear or poor communication among the interdisciplinary health care team, and poorly described policies on the use of the barcode technology. This means that the use of barcode technology requires the healthcare team to work collaboratively and communicate effectively to prevent human errors that may thwart patient safety. This article was chosen because it gives insight into how errors related to the use of barcode medication administration technology can be lessened to ensure full benefits.

The Barcode medication administration technology is associated with a reduction in medication errors and better adherence to the 5 rights of medication administration. However, if not correctly implemented, the technology can negatively impact nursing workflow and result in new or increased medication errors. Proper training is needed to maximize the benefits of the technology. The selection and adoption of technology are majorly impacted by such factors as resources, training programs, cultural norms, and organizational policies. The barcode technology is quite expensive but cheaper in the long run. A culture that is based and committed to patient safety can help in the implementation process. Lastly, training programs can help in the adoption and acceptability of the technology in the hospital setting. The barcode technology helps to improve patient safety, increase the quality of care, reduce the cost of care, and improve interdisciplinary team productivity by streamlining workflow and communication.

References

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Question

Annotated Bibliography
Prepare a 4–6 page annotated bibliography in which you identify and describe peer-reviewed publications that promote the use of your selected technology to enhance quality and safety standards in nursing. Be sure that your annotated bibliography includes all of the following elements:

Annotated Bibliography- Technology in Nursing

Introduction to the Selected Technology Topic
What is your rationale for selecting this particular technology topic? Why are you interested in this?
What research process did you employ?
Which databases did you use?
Which search terms did you use?
Note: In this section of your bibliography, you may use the first person since you are asked to describe your rationale for selecting the topic and the research strategies you employed. Use the third person in the rest of the bibliography, however.
Annotation Elements
For each resource, include the full reference followed by the annotation.
Explain the focus of the research or review article you chose.
Provide a summary overview of the publication.
According to this source, what is the impact of this technology on patient safety and quality of care?
According to this source, what is the relevance of this technology to nursing practice and the work of the interdisciplinary healthcare team?
Why did you select this publication to write about out of the many possible options? In other words, make the case as to why this resource is important for health care practitioners to read.
Conclusion/Recommendation
How would you tie together the key learnings from each of the four publications you examined?
What organizational factors influence the selection of a technology in a healthcare setting? Consider such factors as organizational policies, resources, culture/social norms, commitment, training programs, and/or employee empowerment.
How would you justify the implementation and use of the technology in a healthcare setting? Consider the impact of the technology on the health care organization, patient care/satisfaction, and interdisciplinary team productivity, satisfaction, and retention.

Annotated Bibliography- Technology in Nursing