Anatomy and Physiology for Exercise Science

Anatomy and Physiology for Exercise Science

Youth and older adults have special considerations that should guide their exercise programs. Older adults are most likely to have underlying chronic conditions. Furthermore, they can display diminished mobility, atrophy of muscle fiber, and diminished muscle strength. On the other hand, youth are likely to be physically stronger and have none or fewer underlying conditions. Exercise programs that target the older population aim to improve flexibility and coordination (Bowden Davies et al., 2019). In addition, they focus on improving circulation and promoting glucose tolerance. To fulfill these requirements, adult programs should entail aerobic activity of at least 150 minutes weekly and a flexibility and coordination aspect. Strength training is also beneficial to this population.

Programs for youth are based on various considerations. They include time, gender, muscle imbalances, and experience. Gender determines the type of exercise. An example is hip stability, which should be included for females (Bowden Davies et al., 2019). Youth with muscle imbalances or other conditions should receive individualized training. This aims at addressing the specific condition. All participants must indicate the time that they will be available for training. This determines the intensity of training. Training for a naïve and experienced person differs. A training-experienced person may benefit from intense training programs.

Individuals with obesity may face postural balance problems and an increased predisposition to osteoarthritis. Special consideration should be made when designing their training programs. Studies have demonstrated that the frequency, duration, and type of exercise are important. Exercise should be done at least thrice weekly. The duration of exercise should be between half an hour to one hour per episode. Types of exercises that are beneficial include stationary bike, treadmill, and aquatic exercises (Barrow et al., 2019). They lead to an improvement in physical function.

References

Barrow, D. R., Abbate, L. M., Paquette, M. R., Driban, J. B., Vincent, H. K., Newman, C., Messier, S. P., Ambrose, K. R., & Shultz, S. P. (2019). Exercise Prescription for Weight Management in Obese Adults at Risk for Osteoarthritis: Synthesis from a Systematic Review. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 20(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-019-3004-3

Bowden Davies, K. A., Pickles, S., Sprung, V. S., Kemp, G. J., Alam, U., Moore, D. R., Tahrani, A. A., & Cuthbertson, D. J. (2019). Reduced physical activity in young and older adults: metabolic and musculoskeletal implications. Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/2042018819888824

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Both youth and older adults have special considerations that personal trainers should consider when designing exercise programming. Please discuss what some of the considerations are and how you would address them.

Anatomy and Physiology for Exercise Science

Also, Individuals with obesity may face postural balance issues, altered walking gait, and an increased risk for osteoarthritis.

Please discuss what some of the considerations are and how you would address them.

Please respond to 2 of your classmate’s responses.