Adrenocorticotropic Hormone – Triggers, Targets, and Effects
The master gland of the body is the pituitary gland, an endocrine gland located at the base of the brain below the hypothalamus. It is divided into three lobes, two of which are functional. The lobes are anterior, posterior, and intermediary lobes. The anterior lobe produces six hormones: growth hormone, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone. The posterior lobe produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone. The functionality of the pituitary depends on the signals from the hypothalamus, which can be either excitatory or inhibitory (Dhaliwal, 2023).
In this assignment, the focus will be on adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). The trigger for the release of this hormone is determined by various causes such as stress, low cortisol levels, hypoglycemia, drugs, and pituitary tumors. For instance, when there are low cortisol levels in the blood, a stimulus is sent to the hypothalamus that releases corticotrophin-releasing hormone that is transmitted to the anterior pituitary gland, where it binds to its receptors on the corticotroph cells. This process leads to the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone into the bloodstream (El et al., 2019).
ACTH targets the adrenal cortex of the adrenal gland, which is located superior to the kidneys. It stimulates the tissue to release glucocorticoids mostly cortisol, whose role is vital during the stress response of the body. It aids in the regulation of essential activities in the body, such as blood sugar regulation, metabolism functions, and the functioning of the immune system. As noted by Sadiq and Tadi (2020), its influence in the control of cortisol production and release to the system aids in blood pressure regulation during stress, and this helps the body maintain its normal internal environment.
References
Dhaliwal, S. K. (2023, December 5). Pituitary gland. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000099.htm
El, S. A., Fahmy, M. W., & Schwartz, J. (2019, July 7). Physiology, pituitary gland. Nih.gov; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459247/
Sadiq, N. M., & Tadi, P. (2020). Physiology, pituitary hormones. PubMed; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557556/
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There are seven hormones produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary and two hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone – Triggers, Targets, and Effects
Pick one of these hormones and describe the following: What is the trigger for the release of the hormone you chose? What is the target tissue of the hormone you chose? What is the hormone’s effect on the target tissue?
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