Risk-Bearing Options Worksheet (Assignment 2)
Instructions:
- Identify key areas of risk for Corazon y Alma Health based on analysis of their financial data by addressing the following:
- Define variance analysis and its value to Corazon y Alma Health relative to risk identification if implementing a new service line.
| Variance analysis represents a financial instrument that allows comparing planned budgeted financial performance with actual performance (Laghari & Ahmed, 2023). In Corazon y Alma Health, the process is essential to risk identification should it adopt a new service line, in particular, a value-based care program aimed at maternal-child care. Variance analysis enables leaders to determine whether the revenues, costs, or profit margins are beyond their anticipation and to what extent: Risk-Bearing Options Worksheet (Assignment 2).
Such awareness assists in identifying performance inefficiencies and predicting financial exposure, which is imperative in transforming to value-based payment models in exchange for fee-for-service. With the help of identifying that some regions of service delivery have been either under- or over-performing, the organization can eliminate risks by implementing the measures of corrections or increased cost management prior to a significant financial hit being incurred. |
- Explain the difference between a static budget and a flexible budget. Describe which type of budget will need to be developed to support the proposed new service line.
| A static budget is a fixed budget that does not change with the real patient count or the number of services that are supplied. On the other hand, a flexible budget is modified according to the operating levels of activity in real-time and might be more suitable in a dynamic context such as healthcare (Zhang & Bohlen, 2023).
In the case of Corazon y Alma, a flexible budget is required to finance the new service line as it can better allow the changes in patient visits, OB procedures, and inpatient admissions. Given that maternal health services may change with the seasons, demographic changes, and Medicaid-enrolling persons, a flexible budget will enable the finance department to adjust to the volume fluctuations and prevent unanticipated changes in costs or revenues. |
- Discuss which financial data will be analyzed in the measurement of each of the following variances when applied to the Corazon y Alma Health:
- profit variance
- revenue variance
- cost variance
| Profit Variance: The most common way to calculate profit variance is to compare the actual amount of net income and the budgeted amount of net income. In the case of Corazon y Alma, this would entail examining the monthly operating margins of the OB/GYN and maternity service lines. Unfavorable variance can mean increased expenses or low usage of services.
Revenue Variance: This entails an assessment of the discrepancies between the estimated revenue and the actual revenue (Homauni et al., 2023). Corazon y Alma ought to keep track of Medicaid, emergency Medicaid, and managed care contract collections for obstetrics. The level of no-show rates and the low rate of prenatal visits may lead to poor performance. Cost Variance: This provides an evaluation of the variation between the actual and the expected costs. At Corazon y Alma, adverse cost variances would mainly be caused by such factors as higher C-section rates, ineffective uses of resources, overtime salaries in OB nursing units, and more. These will be some of the significant factors to be identified and controlled in ensuring financial sustainability. |
- Discuss several risk-bearing payment models that Corazon y Alma Health should potentially consider that are based on your prior analysis from the population needs’ assessment and variance analysis.
Consider referencing learning resources located in the course, including options discussed from the following:
- “From Volume To Value: Better Ways To Pay For Health Care” by Harold Miller, published in Health Affairs as a primer to different payment models
- Milliman Healthcare Reform Briefing Paper: “Look before you leap: Shared risk programs and considerations for health systems”
| Shared Savings (One-Sided or Two-Sided Models): In this model, the organization is rewarded if the healthcare savings go below a benchmark at the same time without compromising the quality (Van Noort & Schotanus, 2025). The one-sided model does not entail a financial penalty, which makes it practical in the case of Corazon y Alma, considering that they enter a value-based care area. It fits in the maternal-child priority, as it encourages care coordination, decreases emergency Medicaid utilization, and minimizes C-sections.
Bundled Payments: At a time of high utilization of obstetric services and costs, it is possible to promote efficiency through bundling payments of episodic care, just like prenatal to postpartum care. Health affairs give a realistic way of moving away from volume to buying with bundled payments and controlling costs that could be varied by service parts. Partial Capitation: This is where they provide fixed amounts paid on a per-member-per-month basis in the setting of a subset of services (Simmons et al., 2024). In the case of Corazon y Alma, a transition to partial prenatal and postpartum capitation can stabilize revenues but encourage the development of preventive outreach and, even as it removes the option of fee-for-service with complex inpatient care provision, should maintain a variety of different payment arrangements. |
- Recommend which payment model Corazon y Alma Health should adopt to support implementation of the proposed new service line. Provide an explanation based on the analysis.
| The suggested risk-bearing model that Corazon y Alma Health should use is the Bundled Payment Model, which is applied in the case of maternal and obstetric obstructive services. This model facilitates alignment in care during the prenatal, delivery, and postnatal periods and brings forth an approach toward efficiency and cost-saving (Scheefhals et al., 2024).
Considering the elevated level of Medicaid dependency and the increasing rate of C-sections, the implementation of bundled payments will ensure financial predictability and the preservation of the quality of care. This model is viable in the sense that the organization has an outpatient facility and a population that the organization can target. In the long run, Corazon y Alma can be slowly developed into shared savings or capitation payment systems as people acquire the capacity to operate and enhance health outcomes. |
References
Homauni, A., Moghaddam, N. M., Mosadeghkhah, A., Noori, M., & Abbasiyan, K. (2023). Budgeting in healthcare systems and organizations: A systematic review. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 52(9). https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v52i9.13571
Laghari, F., & Ahmed, F. (2023). Cash flow management and its effect on firm performance: Empirical evidence on non-financial firms of China. PLoS ONE, 18(6). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287135
Scheefhals, Z. T. M., Struijs, J. N., Wong, A., Numans, M. E., Song, Z., & De Vries, E. F. (2024). Integrating maternity care through bundled payments in the Netherlands: Early results and policy lessons. Health Affairs, 43(9), 1263–1273. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2023.01637
Simmons, C., Pot, M., Lorenz-Dant, K., & Leichsenring, K. (2024). Disentangling the impact of alternative payment models and associated service delivery models on quality of chronic care: A scoping review. Health Policy, 105034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2024.105034
Van Noort, O., & Schotanus, F. (2025). A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of traditional and shared savings contracts for home care services. Journal of Public Procurement. https://doi.org/10.1108/jopp-04-2024-0032
Zhang, R., & Bohlen, J. (2023). Healthcare business budgeting. PubMed; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK589707/
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Question
Assignment 2: Assessing and Sharing Financial Risk
Analyze the organization’s options for risk bearing.
For this assignment, you will complete the Risk-Bearing Options worksheet (Assignment 2) to assess readiness for risk bearing and to determine what level of risk Corazon y Alma Health should bear.
For Assignment 2, do the following:
- Review the financial information provided in the Corazon y Alma Health Financial Data spreadsheet and supporting learning references.
- Complete the Risk-Bearing Options worksheet (Assignment 2). This worksheet will guide you in your analysis of Corazon y Alma Health’s potential options for risk-bearing.
Risk-Bearing Options Worksheet (Assignment 2)
References
- AHA. (2024, January 11). Navigating value-based payment: AHA. American Hospital Association. https://www.aha.org/value-
based-payment/navigating- value-based-payment - Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2023, March 3). BPCI Advanced. CMS.gov. https://www.cms.gov/
priorities/innovation/ innovation-models/bpci- advanced - Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (n.d.). Financial alignment initiative (FAI). CMS.gov. https://www.cms.gov/medicaid-
chip/medicare-coordination/ financial-alignment - Corazon y Alma financial data. (n.d.). Master of Health Leadership Program. [Excel spreadsheet] Western Governors University.
- Corazon y Alma profile (n.d.). Master of Healthcare Administration Program. Western Governors University. 1-3. https://lrps.wgu.edu/
provision/474401533 - McWilliams, J. M., Fout, B., & Morefield, B. (2022). ACO Investment Model Produced Savings, but the Majority of Participants Exited When Faced with Downside Risk. Health Affairs (Project Hope), 41(1), 138–146. https://doi.org/10.1377/
hlthaff.2020.01819 - Reiter, K. L., & Song, P. H. (2021). Gapenski’s healthcare finance: An introduction to accounting and financial management (7th ed.). Health Administration Press. https://lrps.wgu.edu/
provision/224646844 - Risk-Bearing Options Worksheet. (n.d.). Master of Health Leadership Program. Western Governors University.

