Short Response Essay

The Iranian Hostage Crisis refers to when revolutionaries stormed the American embassy located in Tehran in November of 1979, taking 52 hostages who were American citizens. This event is significant in American history because it significantly contributed to the end of Jimmy Carter’s administration. The second term is Reaganomic, which was used by both supporters and critics of President Reagan during his administration between 1981 and 1989: Short Response Essay.

This term refers to Reagan’s economic policies that were implemented, among other things, the deregulation of domestic markets, the reduction of social spending, extensive tax cuts, and an increase in the military budget (Locke & Wright, 2019). This term is significant because they were policies that shaped Republicans’ politics for years to come.

The Cuban Missile Crisis was a huge confrontation in 1962 between the Soviet Union and the United States because the relationship between the U.S. and Cuba had disintegrated, and Cuba decided to side with the Soviet Union (Locke & Wright, 2019). This was significant because it was the climax of the Cold War, and it enabled the two countries to form a more diplomatic way of communicating to avoid another incident like that. The next term is the feminine mystique, which refers to the book published in 1963 by feminist Betty Friedan.

This book came at a crucial time when women were demanding more to be given more roles outside of the traditional ones. The author used the term to refer to the societal assumption that women could find fulfillment through traditional roles like childbearing and raising, doing housework, and marriage (Locke & Wright, 2019). The term was significant in that the book itself helped women push more for their rights and fight for equality.

Further, the term Bracero Program refers to the binational contract between the U.S. and Mexico to work American agriculture and railroads after most Americans went to war and African Americans moved from the agricultural south to the industrial north. According to (Locke & Wright, 2019), these programs were significant in American history because they helped reestablish Mexican migration, institutionalized migrant farm work in the U.S., and additionally established a Mexican presence in the southern and western United States.

Finally, McCarthyism refers to the political practice of publicly making accusations of disloyalty without evidence to prove this disloyalty. This name was coined after Joseph McCarthy started making such accusations in February of 1950, saying that he had in possession a list of 205 people who were communists and worked for the U.S. government. However, when pressed further, McCarthy changed the number from 205 to 57, then to 81, and again to 1 individual (Locke & Wright, 2019).

Despite this, the fear had already spread through the country, leading to the arrest of many people on mere suspicion, and many innocents were arrested. It also led to policies like the McCarran Act or the Internal Security later in the year, which mandated all communist organizations to register with the government. This gave the government more power to investigate sedition and enabled the prevention of those suspected from attaining or keeping their citizenship.

One way that America and its people fought against communism during the Cold War was by launching the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949. This organization brought together twelve countries, forming a collective defense against the Soviet Union. The countries included Norway, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the United States, Canada, England, the Netherlands, Portugal, Denmark, and Iceland.

Another strategy used by America to fight communism during this period was loyalty programs. An example of this was Executive Order 9835, issued by President Truman, whose goal was to establish loyalty reviews of federal agents (Locke & Wright, 2019). The Federal Bureau of Investigations was tasked with conducting closer examinations of Foreign Service officers, especially those who were considered to be potential security risks.

References

Locke, J., & Wright, B. (Eds.). (2019). The American Yawp: A massively collaborative open U.S. history textbook. Stanford University Press.

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Textbook link: https://www.americanyawp.com/text/wp-content/uploads/yawp_v2_open_pdf.pdf

1. provide a definition of the following terms. In your definition, indicate what the term refers to, give a sense of when the term took place, and briefly explain why was/this term is important in U.S. history. You must add a reference to the American Yawp.

• *Iran Hostage Crisis
• *Reaganomics
• *Cuban Missile Crisis
• *Feminine Mystique
• *Bracero Program *McCarthyism

2. write a reflective 2-3 paragraph response to ONE of the prompts below. Your response must draw on the American Yawp.

Short Response Essay

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• ** In your view, which of the following events was the most important in shaping the U.S. after the end of World War II? Choose one of the following: the Vietnam War, Roe v. Wade, JFK presidency, Lyndon Johnson’s presidency, Richard Nixon’s impeachment, Jimmy Carter’s Presidency, the Cold War, the Gulf War, or Barack Obama’s election. Explain why.
  • Make sure you Include examples of policies, events, or key leaders.
  • Your response must reference the American Yawp.
• ** During the Cold War, the threat of communism became a central issue for the U.S. government and the American people. What were some of how the U.S. government and its people fought against communism? Explain. Your response must reference the American Yawp.
• ** What was the conservative agenda led by Presidents Nixon and Reagan about. List one or two policies or issues that show the essence of the conservative shift in the U.S. in the 1970s or 1980s. Your response must include a reference to the American Yawp.