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Multiple Sclerosis Nerve Disorder

Multiple Sclerosis Nerve Disorder

The Cellular Structure Degenerating and Rebuilding in MS

Degeneration and subsequent efforts at regeneration of the myelin sheath around nerve fibers in the brain, optic nerves, and spinal cord are hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (MS) (Mayo Clinic, 2022; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NINDS], 2023). Myelin is a fatty substance that insulates nerve fibers, allowing electrical signals to transmit efficiently.

Explanation of the Progression Seen with the Signs and Symptoms

Yes, the degeneration and attempted rebuilding of the myelin sheath do explain the progressive and relapsing nature of MS symptoms. When the myelin is damaged, it disrupts nerve signal transmission, leading to neurological symptoms. The body attempts to remyelinate and repair the damage, which can restore function temporarily. However, repeated demyelination episodes lead to permanent scarring (sclerosis) that prevents full remyelination, causing accumulating neurological disability over time (Mayo Clinic, 2022; NINDS, 2023).

Why They Will Often Look into the Eye With Issues With the Neural Tissue Like This

The optic nerve, which carries visual information from the retina to the brain, may be impacted by multiple sclerosis lesions; thus, it is helpful to examine the eyes. Inflammation of the optic nerve, or optic neuritis, is a frequent first sign of multiple sclerosis. An ophthalmoscope can detect optic nerve demyelination or atrophy, which can aid in diagnosis (Boyd, 2022; Guier & Stokkermans, 2021).

Assigning Three Early MS Symptoms to the Sensory, Motor, or Autonomic Nervous System

  • Dysarthria (motor) – Demyelination in motor neurons controlling speech muscles can impair coordination and cause slurred speech.
  • Paresthesia (sensory) – Damaged sensory neurons may misfire or have disrupted signaling, leading to abnormal tingling, numbness, or pain sensations.
  • Constipation (autonomic) – Demyelinating lesions in the autonomic nerves controlling bowel function can disrupt the nerves, signaling the need to defecate.

References

Boyd, K. (2022, May 6). What is optic neuritis? American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-optic-neuritis

Guier, C. P., & Stokkermans, T. J. (2021). Optic neuritis. PubMed; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557853/

Mayo Clinic. (2022, December 24). Multiple sclerosis. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/multiple-sclerosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20350269

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (2023, November 28). Multiple sclerosis | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Www.ninds.nih.gov. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/multiple-sclerosis

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Question 


Scenario
Multiple Sclerosis Nerve Disorder

A 30-year-old female with multiple sclerosis (MS) has come for their routine check-up with her neurologist. Her first signs and symptoms were several years earlier. The symptoms were not concerning as it was only tingling sensations that were a mild discomfort. Those feelings also went away. It became worrisome when the sensation transitioned into pain and tingling. She began to lose coordination during each cycle, and over time she never fully recovered from the previous flare.

Multiple Sclerosis Nerve Disorder

Multiple Sclerosis Nerve Disorder

Instructions
Answer the following questions and save your responses in a Microsoft Word document. Provide a scholarly resource in APA format to support your answers.

What cellular structure is degenerating and rebuilding in MS?
Does this explain the progression we see with the signs and symptoms? Explain why.
When there are issues with the neural tissue like this, they will often look into the eye. Why?
Here are three early symptoms. that we might see in MS. Assign them to whether they are a part of the sensory, motor, or autonomic nervous system. Afterward, try to describe how MS would cause these symptoms.