A nursing care plan is an essential tool that guides the practice of nursing and ensures individualized and comprehensive patient care. It serves as a roadmap for nurses, assisting them to attain positive outcomes for patients and offer quality care. A nursing care plan is individualized and guarantees consistency for patients’ nursing care, documents potential risks and patient needs, and helps nurses and patients work jointly toward optimal results. Writing outstanding nursing care plans needs a step by step approach to finish the parts required for a nursing care plan accurately.

This article is an in-depth summary of what a nursing care plan entails, how it is written, and examples of nursing care plans for various ailments. Our nursing help assignment will make you realize your nursing dream career.

The Nursing Care Plan

An (NCP) nursing care plan refers to a proper procedure that accurately realizes the potential risks or needs of a client and recognizes existing needs. A nursing care plan provides a communication way among caregivers, their patients, together with other providers of healthcare to attain positive healthcare results and efficient nursing decision making. Without the process of care planning, patient care consistency and quality will be lost.

Planning of nursing care starts when patients are admitted to agencies and are continuously updated entirely in response to the alterations in conditions of a client and goal achievement evaluation. Delivering patient-centered and individualized care and planning is the nursing practice excellence basis.

Nursing care plan for a patient with constipation

1. Conduct manual disimpaction.
2. Dispense stool softeners or laxatives as prescribed.
   Laxatives and stool softeners can be advantageous in the short-term to help with introducing the initial movement of the bowel. It includes:

• Fast-acting lubricant: mineral oil
• Bulk-forming laxative agents: psyllium and fibers
• Stimulant laxative: senna
• Emollient stool softener: docusate
• Prokinetics: tegaserod

3. Apply anesthetic ointment or lubricant as ordered.
4. Highlight lifestyle change’s importance.
5. Encourage high-fiber diets.
   A proper diet includes:

• Fiber supplements
• Whole food
• Fiber-rich foods
• Grains
• Vegetables
• Fruit
• Nuts and legumes
• Limit low-fiber diet intake and refrain from high-fat diet:

6. Promote increased intake of fluids.
   Encourage sufficient fluid intake, like:

• Water
• Vegetable juices
• Vegetable and fruit smoothies
• High-fiber fruit
• Popsicles
• Energizing, warm, liquids: decaffeinated coffee, tea, or hot water

7. Avoid alcohol and caffeine.
8. Advise the patients to perform physical activities.
9. Motivate the patients to have elimination diaries.
10. Establish regular movements of the bowel.
11. Promote bowel management programs.
12. Promote defecation pain relief.
13. Administer a gentle massage of the abdomen.
14. Ask the patients to show proper massage of the abdomen.
15. Quote primary healthcare providers.
16. Help the patients with the operation.
    Surgical interventions include:

• Intestinal diversion
• Colorectal resection
• Antegrade enemas
• Anal procedures

17. Stimulate the patient’s sacral nerve.
18. Keep the patient company for reassurance.

Nursing care plan for a patient with anemia

1. Manage and identify the cause.
   Probable anemia causes include the below, with each demanding personal interventions:

• Acute loss of blood
• Nutritional deficiencies (folate, iron, and vitamin B12)
• Conditions influencing the patient’s bone marrow
• Hemophilia
• Chronic kidney disease
• Rheumatological and autoimmune conditions
• Increased destruction of red blood cells (DIC, hemolytic anemia, faulty mechanical heart valves)
• Medication side effects

2. Administer Intravenous fluids as recommended.
3. Blood transfusion as ordered.
4. Administer oxygen as required.
5. Apply supplements as ordered.
   Supplements together with their authorized route will vary on the deficiencies of a patient and include:

• IM/Oral vitamin B12
• IV/Oral iron
• IV/ IM/Oral folate

6. Train on supplementation of oral iron.
   For a patient to receive the most iron supplement benefit, provide these training:

• Side effects comprise gastrointestinal problems like metallic taste, constipation, tarry stools, and black
• How to dispense:
• When hungry
• With fruit juice (or vitamin C source to help in absorption) or water
• 1 hour before or two hours following meals (might take with diet if Gastrointestinal upset happens)

7. Dispense erythropoietin for renal disease patients.
8. Prepare the patients for possible stem cell and bone marrow transplantation.
9. Refer your patients to dietitians.
10. Advise the patients when to look for immediate medical care.
    If either of the following signs are present, advise the patients to visit the nearest critical care facility:

• Lightheadedness
• Chest discomfort
• Breathing difficulties
• Bright red stool bleeding

Nursing care plan for a patient with shortness of breath

1. Treat the patient’s underlying cause.
2. Dispense medications as recommended.
   Employ the following medication list for dyspnea treatment:

• Bronchospasm Bronchodilators
• Fluid overload Diuretics
• Opioids to minimize the rate of respiration
• Benzodiazepines to reduce anxiety dyspnea
• Steroids to reduce inflammation
• Antibiotics for infection treatment
• Cardiac medicine to limit the heart workload
• Epinephrine for allergies

3. Administer the recommended oxygen therapy.
4. Place the patients comfortably.
5. Maintain the functioning of the lungs.
6. Instruct on techniques of breathing.
7. Provide a relaxing environment.
8. Minimize physical exertion.
   Limit breathlessness by utilizing durable medical tools in conducting ADLs, like:

• Bedside commode
• Wheelchair
• Walker
• Portable oxygen

9. Minimize anxiety.
   These relaxation strategies can help patients manage dyspnea emotional aspects:

• Music therapy
• Diversionary activities
• Guided imagery

10. Work together with respiratory therapists.
    Collaborate with a respiratory therapist who assists with shortness of breath (dyspnea) by:

• Monitoring the functioning of the lungs
• Administering inhaled medicine
• Providing oxygen therapy

11. Discuss (CAM) complementary and alternative medicine

Nursing care plan for patient with preeclampsia

Manage Gestational Hypertension

1. Early Diagnosis.
2. Administer treatment as recommended.
   Medications stabilize readings of blood pressure fluctuations, like:

• Oral nifedipine
• IV hydralazine
• IV labetalol

3. Administer aspirin therapy.
4. Limit physical activity.
5. Train on watchful waiting.
   The patients must be trained on frequent monitoring importance through:

• Antepartum testing weekly
• Serial ultrasonography
• Blood pressure symptoms Close observation
• Frequent laboratory tests

6. Fetus delivery.
   The fetus delivery remains the only efficient preeclampsia treatment.

• Preeclampsia or gestational hypertension patients without notable symptoms will give birth at thirty-seven weeks.
• Severe preeclampsia patients might deliver at thirty-four weeks.

7. Provide betamethasone.
8. Avoid seizures.

Avoid Complications

1. The post-natal period monitoring.
2. Train about food suggestions.
3. Advise the patients when to look for immediate medical care.
   Advise the patients to contact their obstetricians if these symptoms appear:

• Difficulty breathing
• Seizures
• Vaginal bleeding
• Sharp pain in the abdomen
• Blurry vision
• Limited fetal activity
• Persistent headaches

4. Encourage medication adherence.
5. Stress management.
6. Train on future pregnancy preeclampsia risk.
   A preeclampsia history increases future preeclampsia risk,
7. Cardiovascular disease risk instruction.

Nursing care plan for a patient with small bowel obstruction

Treat as per the Etiology

1. Immediate surgery schedule.
2. Begin fluid resuscitation.
3. Observe the output.
4. Bowel decompressing.
5. Prepare for operation.

Manage the Nausea and Pain

1. Manage the pain.
2. Control nausea.
3. Begin antibiotics preoperatively.
4. Stimulate frequent repositioning and ambulation.

Prevent Complications

1. Avoid complications development.
   Observe these common complications signs:

• Bowel perforation:
• Tenderness and abdominal pain
• Vital signs changes
• Fever
• Increased count of white blood cells
• Bowel ischemia:
• Bloating
• Sudden pain in the abdomen
• Stool with blood
• Vomiting and nausea
• Peritonitis:
• Rigidity
• Guarding
• Rebound tenderness
• Infection signs

2. Train on recurrence signs.

Nursing care plan for dehydration patient

1. Remind/encourage patients of their oral intake needs.

As people age thirst loss occurs sometimes, encouraging and reminding individuals might assist them to recall the urge to continue taking fluids even when they don’t feel they’re thirsty.

2. Provide intravenous hydration when needed.
   Patients not able to take hydration orally or seriously dehydrated patients might require intravenous hydration to retain an appropriate level of hydration.
3. Train patients and loved ones on possible dehydration causes.
   Training will help enable the patients and their loved ones to have an outstanding diagnosis understanding and preventative measures to take at a future date to prevent dehydration.
4. Provide an electrolyte replacement as ordered/as needed.
   Dehydration may cause electrolyte abnormalities, it’s crucial nurses monitor this and provide supplementary replacements if needed.
5. Train patients and loved ones on monitoring output and intake.
   Patients and their loved ones must be familiar with monitoring output and intake once discharged from the hospital to ensure they’re maintaining an appropriate level of hydration.
6. Weigh patients daily.
   Daily measurements of weight will enable nurses to easily watch for potential overload of fluids during patient rehydration.
7. Train patients on the significance of proper nutrition and hydration status maintenance regularly.
   Training will assist patients to be more independent on discharge and can assist them in comprehending what they’re able to do to avoid further dehydration episodes.

Nursing care plan for a patient with hyponatremia

1. Monitor output and intake correctly.

        Ensure IV and oral intake balance compared with the output of urine. Inspect urine concentration and clarity.

2. Administer Intravenous fluids as prescribed.
   45 percent normal saline or 5% dextrose can be applied to deficient fluid volume without making hypernatremia worse.
3. Provide medications as prescribed.
   Antiemetics or Antidiarrheals might be prescribed as suitable to treat underlying cause symptoms.
4. Encourage fluids and foods containing salt.
   Encourage groundwater as much as possible. Encourage Pedialyte, soups, and broths to correct hyponatremia and boost fluid intake.

Nursing care plan for a patient with respiratory failure

1. Manage the acute respiratory syndrome cause.
2. Rectify the hypoxemia.
   Guarantee adequate oxygenation of tissues by achieving a 90% (SaO2) oxygen saturation or a 60 mmHg (PaO2) partial pressure of arterial oxygen. Provide supplemental oxygen as prescribed through these routes:

• High-flow nasal cannulas
• Non-rebreather masks
• Simple face masks
• Nasal cannula

3. Avoid over-oxygenation.
4. Think about ECMO (extracorporealmembrane oxygenation).
5. Correct the respiratory acidosis and hypercapnia.
   The ventilatory assistance (non-invasive or invasive) type relies on:

• The clinical status of the patient
• The condition severity
• Whether it’s chronic or acute

Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is proposed in these cases:

• (OHS) Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
• (CPE) Cardiogenic pulmonary edema
• (COPD) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

6. Manage fluids carefully.
7. Provide medications as prescribed.
   Prescribed medications seek to cure the underlying situation. These might include:

• Diuretics
• Antibiotics
• Nitrates
• Corticosteroids
• Opioid analgesics
• Anticholinergics
• Inotropic agents
• Xanthine derivatives
• Beta2 agonists

8. Collaborate with a respiratory therapist.
   A respiratory therapist is significant in the management of respiratory failure. They’re in most cases responsible for these tasks:

• Collecting ABGs
• Mechanical ventilation assistance
• Modifying ventilator settings
• Observing the respiratory state
• Administering respiratory treatment
• Oxygen administration

All the above nursing care plan examples are good starting points for your homework writing.

Conclusion

Writing remarkable nursing care plans is essential to the practice of nursing, ensuring a patient receives high-quality, individualized care. By adhering to an evaluation process, systematic assessment, implementation, goal setting, diagnosis, and intervention planning a nurse can write an effective nursing care plan that contributes to positive outcomes for patients.

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