Annotated Bibliography on Adolescent Suicide- Research Insights and Behavioral Health Applications

The Stanford Prison Experiment

The Stanford Prison experiment was a simulation conducted by Stanford University that aimed at determining how situational variables affected individual behaviors and emotions. The role play was conducted over two weeks and simulated a prison setup. However, the onset of this study was marred with ethical controversies that prompted its undue conclusion only six days after commencement. This study has elicited mixed reactions among scholars, with some subset questioning its findings and arguing that the methodology utilized in the study was not scientifically based. This paper documents six annotated bibliographies that focus on peer-reviewed scientific articles on the Stanford Prison Experiment (SPE).

McLeod, S. (2017). Stanford prison experiment. Simply Psychology.

This article is a systematic review that details the Stanford experiment conducted and documented by Zimbardo, the then-psychology professor at Stanford University. The study was a simulation aimed at finding out the correlation between individuals’ emotions and behaviors. The author of this paper documents that Zimbardo wanted to investigate whether the brutality exhibited by correctional officers was attributable to certain aspects of their personalities. As documented by the author, the findings from the Zimbardo research revealed varied behavioral attributes of the guards. Guards exhibited a characteristic brutal and sadistic behavior that was not seen at the beginning of the experiment. There was also evidence of disproportionate use of force while arresting these individuals. This experiment showed that people tend to conform to the roles they are assigned to play. Social roles assigned to individuals, therefore, significantly shape their behaviors. Observations from this experiment can be utilized in correction facilities where individuals are rehabilitated to conform to their newer selves. Continuous exposure of these individuals to new environments that promote their well-being may ensure that they change their behaviors toward the acceptable.

Le Texier, T. (2019). Debunking the Stanford Prison Experiment. American Psychologist, 74(7), 823-839. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000401

This research article is a literature review that seeks to debunk the findings adopted from the Stanford Prison Experiment. The author of this research paper concurs with earlier papers criticizing the research work by Zimbardo and additionally points to several shortcomings of the papers that warrant their disqualification from use for educational purposes to students and the public. The author collected data from fifteen participants from the original study and reported that there was a presence of bias in the original study and that the study process was inconclusive due to the absence of adequate data. The author of this research concluded that Zimbardo’s experiment was an inaccurate textbook portrayal of the effects of situational variables on human behavior and did not replicate reality. The author also added that misperceptions from the study should not be utilized for educational purposes as it does not accurately present events in real life. Findings from this article can be applied in psychotherapy as they reinforce the significance of individualized handling of different people. Generalization of people’s behavior and stereotyping may negatively impact interpersonal relations since they may not be accurate in some instances.

Bartels, J. (2019). Revisiting the Stanford prison experiment, again: Examining demand characteristics in the guard orientation. The Journal Of Social Psychology, 159(6), 780-790. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2019.1596058

This research paper is a systematic review that seeks to analyze the impact of pre-investigational orientations on the guard role during the Stanford Prison Experiment. The author of this article argues that those assigned to play the guard role in the experiment were subjected to a prior orientation in which they were coached on the behavioral expectations of a guard. This article criticizes the original study, citing that the provided script for a guard role is aimed at making the guards abusive and cruel. The principal investigator in this present research confirmed these criticisms by subjecting subjects to similar pre-investigation coaching that the SPE utilized and observed similar outcomes in results. The author, therefore, concludes that the findings drawn from SPE were not an accurate replica of real-life findings but rather an investigational product attributable to the pre-investigation orientation on test subjects. It, therefore, discouraged the adoption of these findings for educational purposes. The findings from this article could also be utilized in psychotherapy. Having a pre-informed opinion or bias over someone or something may impede the realization of optimal outcomes.

Haslam, S., Reicher, S., & Van Bavel, J. (2019). Rethinking the nature of cruelty: The role of identity leadership in the Stanford Prison Experiment. American Psychologist, 74(7), 809-822. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000443

This research paper is a systematic review targeted at analyzing the correlation between individual behavior and their emotions, as drawn from the Stanford Prison Experiment. In this article, the author seeks to detail whether an individual’s environment affects their behavior. The author argues that unlike SPE, which postulates that exposing individuals to toxic roles unlocks their cruel behavior, principles of human identity leadership postulate that exposing people to toxic roles do not. The author adds that only potential perpetrators exhibit cruel or brutal behaviors upon exposure to toxic roles especially when they are encouraged by their leader that the toxic role is noble and the course of action is necessary. This paper concludes that the brutality exhibited by guards as depicted in SPE may be attributable to the experiment process that encouraged them to adopt brutality and cruelty when handling the arrested individuals. Findings from this article maintain significance in psychotherapy as it produces a paradigm shift in care processes that requires counselors to adopt the role of identity leadership when handling their subjects and, consequently, establish a common therapeutic goal.

Bartels, J., Milovich, M., & Moussier, S. (2016). Coverage of the Stanford Prison Experiment in Introductory Psychology Courses. Teaching Of Psychology, 43(2), 136-141. https://doi.org/10.1177/0098628316636290

This research paper is a quantitative research that is targeted at finding out the extent of coverage of the Stanford Prison Experiment as an introductory concept in psychology teaching. The scope of the experiment was broad, covering the SPE concept and its criticisms of introductory psychology classes. The research utilized an online survey and drew a sample size of 117. The results were consistent with previous studies. In the findings, criticisms took the most significant proportion, with ethical considerations on the research process accounting for the largest proportion. This article reinforced the need to discourage the adoption of the findings obtained from the SPE for educational purposes based on ethical grounds. The findings from this research article are significant in teaching psychology education as they enable the delineation of accurate scientific-based knowledge from inaccurate scientific representations. It, therefore, allows learners to adopt psychology concepts that may enable them to tackle various client complexities that present in real life.

Onishi, S. L., & Hebert, R. S. (2016). The Stanford Prison Experiment: Implications for the Care of the “Difficult” Patient. American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine®, 33(1), 64–68. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049909114552126

This research paper is a systematic review that is aimed at exploring the significance of the Stanford Prison Experiment in the clinical handling of complex client cases. The author of this research paper argues that earlier theories on care provision processes underlooked the environmental impacts of clients on their behavior but rather emphasized clinician and patients’ contributors to client behavior. According to the article, the findings from the Stanford Prison Experiment provided a paradigm shift that enabled the appreciation of clients’ environmental aspects of their behaviors. The articles also reinforce the significance of clients’ environments on their well-being and the clinician’s understanding of the environmental effects on client behavior. It concludes that clinicians who demonstrate a multilevel understanding of clients’ environmental effects on their behavior are better equipped to address the clinical complexities presented by these clients. These findings are necessary for psychotherapy as they enhance the holistic understanding of the clients. They also enable the adoption of measures that are compatible with these clients, thus ensuring better clinical outcomes.

References

Le Texier, T. (2019). Debunking the Stanford Prison Experiment. American Psychologist, 74(7), 823-839. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000401

McLeod, S. (2017). Stanford prison experiment. Simply Psychology.

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Question

Assessment Description
Choose six to eight peer-reviewed journal articles from the GCU Library related to one of the suggested topics for the Ethics and Research paper due in Topic 3.

Annotated Bibliography on Adolescent Suicide- Research Insights and Behavioral Health Applications

List of Suggested Topics:

Stanford Prison Experiment
Landis’s Facial Expression Experiment
Little Albert Experiment by John Watson
Milgram Study of 1974
Robbers Cave Experiment
For each journal article, provide the APA reference and a brief summary of the article.

In each summary, explain how you can apply this research to a specific behavioral health setting.

Each summary must include 150-200 words (not counting your reference information).

Refer to the resource, “Preparing Annotated Bibliographies,” located in the Student Success Center, for additional guidance on completing this assignment in the appropriate style.

https://guides.library.cornell.edu/annotatedbibliography

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA 7 Style Guide, located at https://owl.purdue.edu/. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric.

References: The annotated bibliography expertly includes three peer-reviewed journal articles on research and best practices in the behavioral health field. Each source is comprehensive and insightful, demonstrating an exceptional understanding of the topic.

Annotations: The annotated bibliography expertly describes each article and how the research can be applied to a specific behavioral health setting. The description is comprehensive and insightful, with relevant evidence to support claims. The annotated bibliography demonstrates an exceptional understanding of the topic.

Annotated Bibliography Format: All format elements are correct.

Mechanics of Writing: The writer is in command of standard, written, academic English.

Annotated Bibliography on Adolescent Suicide- Research Insights and Behavioral Health Applications