Brain Modularity

Brain Modularity

Summary of Journal Article 1

This is a summary of the article “Investigating how the modularity of visuospatial attention shapes conscious perception using type I and type II signal detection theory” by Landry et al. (2021), published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance.

In the article, Landry et al. (2021) seek to investigate how the modularity of visuospatial attention can shape conscious perception. For the investigation of this relationship between the modularity of visuospatial attention and conscious perception, the type I and type II signal detection theory are used. As already known, attention abilities and the perception of an individual’s environment varies from one person to another. In this case Landry et al. (2021) argue that the attention abilities and perception result from an interplay between multiple components of the individual and their environment. These arguments form the basis of Landry et al.’s view that attention as generally agreed among a majority of neuroscientist, is not a unitary construct. Therefore, the lack of uniformity in attention is the driving factor behind the wider ways in how people perceive the world in varied ways.

From experimentation on stimulus-versus goal-driven attention based on the type I and type II signal detection theory, Landry et al. (2021) challenge the existing notions that attention is related to consciousness. The main ideas brought out by testing both stimulus-versus goal-driven attention are that, whether voluntary (goal-driven) or involuntary (stimulus-driven), attention has an impact on perception. However, either type of attention influences conscious perception independently. Additionally, from their findings, Landry et al. (2021) further argue that whether attention is stimulus- or goal-driven, it has little or no impact on subjective aspects of how people perceive things, including their visual awareness and metacognition.

The points argued in this article can be related to the classroom content on decision-making and how one sees and perceives things that influence decisions people make. Overall, the authors have well-presented the variance of how stimulus- and goal-driven influence how people view and perceive the world.

Summary of Journal Article 2

In Zheng and Chen’s article, “An Attention-based Bi-LSTM Method for Visual Object Classification via EEG,” published in the Journal of Biomedical Signal Processing and Control in 2021, an end-to-end attention-based long short-term memory network (LSTM) model is proposed as a model that can be applied in the interpretation of electroencephalograms (EEGs) to understand how the brain develops visual perceptions and understanding of content.

Per Zheng and Chen’s (2021) argument, the challenge of decoding how human visual neural representations exist is due to the complexity of vision-processing mechanisms. The overall understanding of how humans visualize and recognize objects is fundamental to understanding human cognitive processes. Testing the Bi-LSTM based on the attention mechanism against the Modularity theory shows that the Bi-LSTM-AttGW model increases the accuracy of visual object classification by 99.50% over other algorithm and baseline models. The accuracy of visual object classification needed for understanding the human brain cognitive processes increases with an increase with a model’s excellency in the classification of neural performance and the computational complexity.

Zheng and Chen’s (2021) final conclusion is that, the proposed end-to-end attention-based Bi-LSTM Method is superior to traditional LTSM models and provide a better understanding to attention mechanisms as it helps overcome the computational complexity of interpretating EEGs and provides an improved object and performance classification.

The concepts of neural encoding and decoding align with current classroom studies on how the human brain processes information visually received into information that influences how people perceive things around them. The article also attempted to explain how one can understand the relationships between stimulus, brain activities, attention, and visual recognition of objects.

References

Landry, M., da Silva Castanheira, J., Sackur, J., & Raz, A. (2021). Investigating how the modularity of visuospatial attention shapes conscious perception using type I and type II signal detection theory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 47(3), 402–422. https://doi.org/10.1037/XHP0000810.

Zheng, X., & Chen, W. (2021). An Attention-based Bi-LSTM Method for Visual Object Classification via EEG. Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, 63, 102174. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BSPC.2020.102174.

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Instructions
Brain Modularity
Using the South University Online Library; find two peer-reviewed journal articles on brain modularity, with a focus on visual sensation and perception. In your synopsis, you will include:

Brain Modularity

A summary of each of the journal articles
The main points discussed in each of the journal articles and how they relate to the week’s course and text readings
Your thoughts and perspectives regarding the concepts covered in each of the journal articles.