Understanding the Phases of Wound Healing and the Concepts of Resolution, Regeneration, and Replacement
Phases of Wound Healing
Wound healing has four main phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Hemostasis happens quickly. After blood leaks from the body, blood vessels constrict to restrict blood flow (Ridhanya & Rajakumari, 2019). This activates the clotting cascade to prevent blood loss (Pihlajaniemi & Heljasvaara, 2019). Inflammation controls bleeding and prevents infections. Pathogens, bacteria, and damaged cells are removed from the injured area during this phase. Inflammation involves redness, swelling and pain (Pihlajaniemi & Heljasvaara, 2019). In proliferation, there is wound rebuilding with collagen fibers and extracellular matrix (Pihlajaniemi & Heljasvaara, 2019). Contrastingly, in the remodeling phase, collagen remodeling from type III to type I results in wound closing (Pihlajaniemi & Heljasvaara, 2019).
Resolution, Regeneration, and Replacement
Resolution is restoring tissue to its original state before an injury. Removing debris from inflammation is sufficient to restore tissues to a pre-injury state (Pihlajaniemi & Heljasvaara, 2019). Subsequently, after removing cellular debris, necrotic parenchymal cells are replaced by new parenchymal cells (Pihlajaniemi & Heljasvaara, 2019). This process is called regeneration. Further, replacement is when severely damaged tissues are repaired by laying down connective tissues (Pihlajaniemi & Heljasvaara, 2019).
Significance of the Oozing and Discoloration
Oozing is a sign of infection in a wound. The liquid oozing from the wound contains white blood cells fighting the infection and bacteria (Ridhanya & Rajakumari, 2019). Oozing helps clean the area. In addition, discoloration may indicate necrosis. Further, necrotic tissues are dark in color, showing that the wound is healing (Ridhanya & Rajakumari, 2019).
Factors Impeding Healing
Oxygenation is critical for cell metabolism. It induces angiogenesis and promotes re-epithelization (Kear, 2019). Poor oxygenation will thus promote wound healing. After injuries, microorganisms will enter the body, resulting in infections. Subsequently, the bacteria may form a biofilm, which hinders wound healing (Kear, 2019). Some bacteria are resistant to antibiotics.
References
Kear, T. (2019). Clinical handbook for Brunner and Suddarth’s textbook of medical-surgical nursing. Wolters kluwer india Pvt.
Pihlajaniemi, T., & Heljasvaara, R. (2019). Faculty opinions recommendation of wound healing: A cellular perspective. Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature. https://doi.org/10.3410/f.734504810.793560506
Ridhanya, K., & Rajakumari. (2019). Skin wound healing: An update on the current knowledge and concepts. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 12(3), 1448. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-
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Question 
An 80-year-old male presents with resolving decubitus that is now oozing and red. The wound team has been involved. His daughter wants information regarding his skin condition.
Understanding the Phases of Wound Healing and the Concepts of Resolution, Regeneration, and Replacement
Describe the phases of wound healing.
What is resolution, regeneration and replacement?
What is the significance of the oozing and discoloration?
What factors impede the healing process and why?
Length: A minimum of 250 words, not including references
Citations: At least one high-level scholarly reference in APA from within the last 5 years>2018