Understanding Intelligence-The Role of Group Differences in IQ
Responding to Shoshana
Hello,
Thank you for your post. It is indeed true that the average IQ scores demonstrate group variations. As highlighted in your post, group differences in the average scores can be attributed to factors such as cultural differences and educational systems. This may be the case for the relatively higher average IQ scores in Westernized cultures than in other cultures. Ganuthula & Sinha (2019) underpins the role of the environment in influencing group differences in IQ. Factors such as availability of learning resources, parenting, and healthcare, among others, are causal factors for group differences in IQ. Intelligence testing enables the evaluation of intelligence. It can be influenced by factors such as the tester’s bias, the environment, poverty level, and education. However, their influence on the test process and outcomes varies. Factors such as education are generally more influential in determining the average intelligence scores than others. Genetics have also been found to significantly influence intelligence scores.
References
Ganuthula, V. R., & Sinha, S. (2019). The looking glass for intelligence quotient tests: The interplay of motivation, cognitive functioning, and affect. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02857
Responding to Alex
Hello,
This is a great post. It is indeed accurate that group differences in IQ exist. As highlighted in your post, the Western and Eastern cultures generally perform better in IQ testing. A combination of environmental factors, such as culture, have been associated with these high scores. van Hoogdalem & Bosman, (2023) notes that culture and educational level influence group differences in IQ. People from societies with more advanced educational systems are more likely to score higher in IQ testing. While this can be one of the influencing factors, other factors such as socioeconomic status, parenting, nutrition, and healthcare influence IQ scores. Intelligence testing can also be influenced by multiple factors. Individual bias during testing, education level, and poverty, among others, influence the outcomes of an intelligence test. However, the influence of these factors varies considerably. Factors such as educational level and the environment are more influential in determining the outcomes of an intelligence test.
References
van Hoogdalem, A., & Bosman, A. M. (2023). Intelligence tests and the individual: Unsolvable problems with validity and reliability. Methodological Innovations, 17(1), 6–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/20597991231213871
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Question 
PROMPT: In this discussion, you will discuss the importance of group differences in IQ for understanding intelligence. Review the following articles:
Understanding Intelligence-The Role of Group Differences in IQ
Context-Sensitive Cognitive and Educational Testing
Cross-Cultural Differences in Visuo-Spatial Processing and the Culture-Fairness of Visuo-Spatial Intelligence Tests: An Integrative Review and a Model for Matrices Tasks
Consider these articles and the textbook chapters on intelligence, and then compare and discuss at least two group differences in IQ. Why are these differences important for understanding intelligence? Why is it important to differentiate intelligence from measures of intelligence? Finally, what roles can culture play in conceptualizing and measuring intelligence?