The Impact of 9/11 on U.S. Foreign and Domestic Policy is still eked in every American’s mind to date. The 9/11 attacks caused trauma to the U.S. The military and political attacks response, guided by hubris and fear, laid the United States foreign policy’s neoconservative moment foundations. 9/11 also impacted important general society and the United States’ partisan politics and domestic repercussions. Maya Kandel, the Head of, the Institute Montaigne U.S. Program, gives the previous 20 years overview since the occurrence of the attacks.
This article is an in-depth summary of the Impact of 9/11 on U.S. Foreign and Domestic Policy and how it changed the United States. Our research paper writing services will assist you with the elaborate research required for your paper.
The United States Foreign Policy: neoconservatives fall and rise
The 9/11 attacks as quoted in historical papers paved the way for American foreign policy’s neoconservative moment. After a strategic disarray decade following the Soviet Union’s disintegration, 9/11 offered the United States an opponent again. Neoconservatives offered US foreign policy’s objective and doctrine in the unipolar era of post-Cold War: they’re the planned ones only. This caused the American military might to liberate the globe. Efforts of the US military first intended to dismantle the strongholds of Al-Qaeda and penalize the Taliban throughout Afghanistan. A larger objective, nevertheless, was to exploit the unipolar movement to form a new order of the world. Neoconservative ideology, encouraged by democratic peace theory and Samuel P. Huntington’s “Third Wave” advocates the transition of democracy, by force whenever the need arises, to oppose terrorism-sponsoring regimes and possess Mass Destruction weapons. George Bush infamously named these states the ” evil axis. The neoconservatives’ hubris nation-building belief and their world misunderstanding are all summarized in 2002 by Karl Rove, George Bush Senior advisor in this quote: “ Now you’re an empire, and when you act, you create your reality“. Ironically, it was the vision neoconservative and US supremacy belief that caused the world order America-centric decline.
Another irony rests in the reality that George Bush during his presidential run in 2000 many considered him an isolationist. Isolationists had made significant changes to the party of Republican. However, the September 11 attacks sidelined them. The alliance between 2 other streams of foreign policy, nationalist “Jacksonians”, and neoconservative interventionists came to influence the ideology of foreign policy of the GOP. The “Clash of Civilizations” article by Huntington’s thesis assists in comprehending the ability of the administration of Bush to rally the nationalists: on September 11 evening, George Bush proclaimed a “War against Terrorism”. This term took effect and was applied in justifying the authorization of Congress for force use. The administration of Bush exploited the profound shock state of the nation to announce this ambiguous war against an unspecific organization. The “Fight against Terrorism” wasn’t possible to win, so it will never end by definition. Recently, the Republican party has marginalized the neoconservatives. The majority have contracted out of the GOP. Trump incorporates the shift in the foreign policy of the Republicans, which is currently depending on pro-military patriotism and anti-interventionism (aside from isolationism) combination.
The 24-year Afghanistan war, which ended dramatically last month, emphasizes an American system of politics that seems progressively unable to provide a coherent and competent foreign policy. On this basis, the failures of the foreign policy of the US reveal American politics’ greater crisis, which is also worrying since it strengthens the Russian (and Chinese) democratic regime’s autocratic power superiority narratives.
Domestic politics: polarization weaponization
The 9/11 attacks’ impact on the American system of political parties is important. The 1990s appeared to mark wars on American culture peak: the U. S., despite the Cold War victory, was incapacitated by Clintons, abortion, and guns internal strife … The 2000 outcome of the presidential election was the reflection of wide national division. The Supreme Court ultimately called the election after thirty-six days and it split the senate evenly between the two parties.
A unity brief period followed the September 11 attacks – for several short weeks, Bush’s rates of approval rose as high as 90 percent- but it wasn’t long-lived. The attacks boosted the polarization of politics, which included foreign policy. The opponents of politics were considered to be traitors and enemies. Several months following the attacks, Karl Rove, a Republican strategist suggested that the national security issue be in opposition to Democrats during the midterm elections in 2002. Republicans, in the argument that civilization was besieged, reacted to each criticism of foreign policy form from Democrats. This involved Abu Ghraib jail and Patriot Act questioning, or Journalist revelation on the “black sites” of the Central Intelligence Agency’s or its “enhanced techniques on interrogation ”, with treason accusations.
Despite the relative caution of Bush, the Republican bombast was extremely unforgiving. Pundits and politicians talked about a crusade, a holy war, in opposition to radical Islam. All the other formulations were seen as a weak sign. During this period, there was political violence growth: initially verbally, but later also physically.
Increasing bipartisanship can’t be separated from media landscape evolution. Roger Ailes founded Fox News in 1995, an influential and well-connected Republican party member. In the recent twenty-five years, the GOP’s network influence has grown exponentially. It’s possibly more influential compared to RNC, in the party’s ideology and also in the candidate selection. In 2016, US political scientists Vanessa Williamson and Theda Skocpol published the Tea Party’s book where they attributed Fox News’s influence and power to an ideological stance that came after the neoconservatives and Bush’s rejection. They’re in the argument that the political commentators of Fox News have become Republican electorate reason voice by default. This key exit, voiced by distinct conservative outlets and media, helped reshape public debate mainstream. The star rhetoric hosts Tucker Carlson, Bill O’Reilly, Glenn Beck, and Rush Limbaugh is pushed by theories of conspiracy, an old incident reinforced by September 11. Because theories of conspiracy advance TV ratings, the hosts follow them and assist in their growth. On Obama’s inauguration eve, Fox News recruited Beck for their new show depending on the idea that the election of Obama was “ the vision of the founding fathers’ betrayal’ “, a stand that motivated the Tea Party’s inception. This Republican party’s corporate influence is among the aspects that made the election of Trump possible.
Society: polarization-political violence
The 2 wars that succeeded in the attacks on 9/11 have had an important effect on the United States’ social climate, the relationship of America with the globe – especially immigration, and on national identity perceptions. The 2 wars also caused police militarization in the early twentieth century, with police violence’s important consequences in an agitated social climate worsening with the victory of Obama, the Tea Party’s birth, and Donald Trump’s election. Finally, the Afghanistan and Iraq wars have also incited political violence domestically. New infantries were recruited, with their increasing influence and size leading to the attack on the Capitol on 6th January 2021. Eventually, the wars led by the US these past 2 decades – American history’s longest wars – impacted the whole community. An army of veterans came back to the US either traumatized or injured.
Yet the counterterrorism “light footprint” strategy engaged since the presidency of Obama had rendered the war not visible to the majority of Americans, even if it was carried out for their sake. Since August 15, Kabul’s fall, Afghanistan’s situation has spent ample spotlight time compared to the time it had during the whole previous decade. It’s even more compared to the Afghanistan Papers publication, a Washington Post investigation that exposed the utter indifference in the White House and Congress politicians’ war and military commanders lies.
The new infantries that became visible in the 2000s tail end grew specifically through the combat veteran recruitment from the hundred thousand soldier pool coming back from Afghanistan and Iraq. The majority of the veterans experienced societal ignorance and struggled to reintegrate. Most of them were victims of the catastrophic opioid epidemic. Pew Research Center’s poll in 2011 discovered that over half of Afghanistan and Iraq veterans had a notion that the wars were futile. Following the Afghanistan final American troops departure, President Biden in his speech noted the distressing fact that eighteen veterans committed suicide daily. Fuelled by infantries that believe in most conspiracy theories, political turmoil has continuously risen over the previous decade. It surpassed 1995 record levels in 2019, the Oklahoma City bombing’s year. The FBI declared terrorism domestically the first country’s internal threat in 2020.
Next challenges of America
You can always include these next challenges of America in your assignment writing. Twenty years have elapsed since the attacks on 9/11 and the US has become a much more nationalist nation (“patriotic” as per the Democratic system). Although the United States plans to face future challenges directly – specifically China’s – it must agree with the reality that its world’s position is now considerably less predominant.
The Wilsonian international liberalism era has ended. What is left is the foreign policy vision dominated by commercial and economic concerns. The nation-building and counter-insurrection era has also ended, but the counter-terrorism style of Obama (“light footprint”, evolved by Donald Henry Rumsfeld) endures, even though given name again – “over the Horizon”.
America’s challenge is twofold now. On the global arena, the administration of Biden must develop an approach that addresses China issue complexity, while getting United States associates on board. American society should find a way towards peace and social harmony in the civilian sector. The challenges are bound, they integrate the 9/11 attacks legacy.
Conclusion
After the Impact of 9/11 on U.S. Foreign and Domestic Policy it has frequently been declared that nothing in tomorrow’s world will be the same. It was hence expected that the foreign policy of the US would change considerably particularly in the Middle East. After and during the Cold War era several countries in the Middle East have played an important role in making the United States foreign policy. However, there existed no US foreign policy drastic change after 9/11. Of course, there’ve been new approaches and openings but they may be better defined as the foreign policy “evolution” instead of anything drastically new.
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