The Effect of Physical Punishment on a Child’s Mental Health
Part I: Global Article Analysis
Research gap
The reviewed study intends to address specific gaps that are related to the chosen topic. Research on corporal punishment effects on children’s mental health has been conducted widely. However, these studies do not provide the distinction of effects among female and male participants. In addition, the study places significant emphasis on the Tehsil Dunyapur District Lodhran, which has not received much attention from researchers (Akhtar, Abdul, & Awan, 2018).
Mechanism of addressing this gap
The article intends to address the gap by providing directions for teachers and parents regarding the best ways to enhance the capabilities of learners without the application of physical punishment in District Lodhran (Akhtar, Abdul, & Awan, 2018).
Research questions
- How is students’ performance affected by corporal punishment in government schools?
- What is the reaction of students when corporal punishment is applied in government schools?
Strands of previous and current research are used to create a rationale for its research questions
The researchers utilize a theoretical approach to create a rationale for the research questions. This means that the review of other studies’ findings in the literature review section yields the research questions, which address the highlighted gaps.
Data collection
The study relies on primary data, which is collected using surveys as well as questionnaires. Secondary data is also obtained from published resources such as articles and books that address the topic (Akhtar, Abdul, & Awan, 2018).
Data analysis
The data is analyzed using descriptive statistics (Akhtar, Abdul, & Awan, 2018).
Interpretation of results
The authors interpret the data using images and descriptively. The authors conclude that it is impossible to compel learners to improve their performance using physical punishment. This outcome is impossible due to the adverse effects that corporal discipline has on students’ mental health. Instead, the use of non-coercive techniques can achieve motivation for better performance (Akhtar, Abdul, & Awan, 2018).
Limitations in the study
The authors do not highlight any study limitations.
Implications of this research
The research is essential to learning institutions and parents because it recommends using non-coercive strategies to motivate students to improve their performance. Therefore, it mitigates the adverse effects of physical punishment on learners by providing information to stakeholders (Akhtar, Abdul, & Awan, 2018).
Authors’ overall conclusions
The authors conclude that teachers are better placed to reduce the use of physical punishment by learning about the negative effects on students. Furthermore, the school environment should be supportive enough for learning through extracurricular activities (Akhtar, Abdul, & Awan, 2018).
Part II. Style: Article Structure and “Hierarchy” Analysis
The macro-level structures
The study includes an abstract, introduction, literature review, research methodology, data analysis, findings and results, conclusions, recommendations, and references as the main sections. The subsections include the distinction of the study, research questions, sample of the study, analytical techniques, demographic statistics, and tables (Akhtar, Abdul, & Awan, 2018).
Cause-effect organization patterns
The organization of the study displays a cause-effect pattern. It begins by providing a background of the study topic, then reviews other researchers’ results, highlights the gaps, and follows through with data collection, analysis, and provision of recommendations to solve the issue. This information is strategically highlighted in the abstract.
Evidence of parallelism
Parallelism is not observed in the study. The groups from different schools are questioned, and data is compiled for analysis.
Meso-level structure (i.e., order of the paragraphs)
The literature review has minimal structure because the paragraphs are few. The authors constantly analyze the findings of other researchers. The study provides insight into what other researchers have established through their research on the same topic. The paragraphs are not organized in the basic order of an introduction, body, and conclusion.
Cause-effect organizational patterns in the order of the paragraphs
The paragraphs lack a systematic or cause-effect pattern. The inclusion of various ideas from the different researchers is intended to inform the readers about various perspectives.
Summary of your analysis
The reviewed study highlights a cause-effect organizational pattern in its outline. The entire write-up begins with an introduction, highlights the issue, and provides a solution. It proposes to fill the existent gaps by providing recommendations on the best way to improve performance by avoiding physical punishment. The study relies on both secondary and primary data, which is collected using questionnaires. Its review of past research enables the reader to understand the current gaps and their contribution (Akhtar, Abdul, & Awan, 2018).
Part III: Summary
The research intends to make a valid contribution by highlighting the need to eliminate physical punishment in schools. The authors review past research findings and use this information to produce the research questions (Akhtar, Abdul, & Awan, 2018). The study’s findings are like other studies highlighting the adverse effects on a child’s cognitive abilities and, thus deficient performance and development (Alla, 2021). However, the study should have included a more comprehensive literature review that details more studies on the topic. Such information would have increased its contribution’s significance and provided a more substantial basis for the highlighted gaps. In addition, the study should have utilized evidence-based information to support its findings. Such findings should have revealed the negative effects of physical punishment on children. Health-related studies that demonstrate such effects should have been included in the study’s literature review. Furthermore, the recommendations section should provide examples of the non-coercive methods that can be used to motivate students, thus replacing physical punishment (Cuartas, Weissman, & Sheridan, 2021).
References
Akhtar, S. I., Abdul, G., & Awan, A. G. (2018). The Impact Of Corporal Punishment On Students’ Performance In Public Schools. Global Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities, 4(3), 606-621.
Alla, K. (2021, August). What does the evidence tell us about the physical punishment of children? Retrieved from Australian Institute of Family Studies: https://aifs.gov.au/cfca/2021/08/18/what-does-evidence-tell-us-about-physical-punishment-children
Cuartas, J., Weissman, D. G., & Sheridan, M. A. (2021). Corporal Punishment and Elevated Neural Response to Threat in Children. Child Development, 821-832. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13565
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Question 
The Effect of Physical Punishment on a Child’s Mental Health
This week’s assignment has 3 different pieces, each designed to help you develop skill and confidence in dissecting and analyzing relevant scholarly research. You are to select an article that would contribute to an understanding of your particular topic of interest. This article must be current (i.e., within the past 5 years).
Part I: Global Article Analysis
What research gap is the article addressing?
How does the article intend to address this gap?
What are the specific research questions that this article will address?
What strands of previous and current research does this article use to create a rationale for its research questions?
What kind of data did the authors collect to answer their research questions and exactly how did they collect them?
How did the authors analyze their results?
How do the authors interpret their results? According to the authors, what do the results mean with regard to the research questions?
What do the authors see as limitations in their study?
What do the authors see as the implications of this research in terms of either application to real life or directions for future research?
What are the authors’ overall conclusions?
Part II. Style: Article Structure and “Hierarchy” Analysis
Analyze the macro-level structure (i.e., titles and organization of sections and subsections).
What evidence, if any, do you see of hierarchical, classification, or cause effect organization patterns?
What evidence, if any, do you see of parallelism?
Look at the literature review or a subsection of the literature review. If it is a subsection, you are looking for one with more than one paragraph. Analyze the meso-level structure (i.e., order of the paragraphs).
What evidence, if any, do you see of hierarchical, classification, or cause-effect organizational patterns in the order of the paragraphs?
Write a brief summary (e.g., 1-2 paragraph) of your analysis.
Part III: Summary
Write a summary of the article that includes a critique as well as your own suggestions for future research based on the gap you have identified. APA format (i.e., in-text citations and reference page) is required.