The Clara Cell Discussion Responses
Hello,
I agree with you. The case of Max Clara presents a perfect case for ethical and moral dilemmas. Aspects of his research, such as how the samples were obtained, raise major ethical and moral conflicts. Judging from today’s APA Code of Ethics, it is easy to pass a negative moral judgment. However, before making such moral judgments on the actions of the past when judging past researchers, it is important for healthcare providers to consider the view of ethics back in the days when such research was conducted. Considering the historical context of ethics from the experiments in the cases of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, Nazi medical experiments, and Willowbrook State School research, it is clear that the use of human specimens did not much consider applying ethical guidelines (Barrow et al., 2022). Therefore, before making a moral judgment on past actions by researchers, it is important to consider the differences in ethical views on research back in the day and today.
References
Barrow, J. M., Brannan, G. D., & Khandhar, P. B. (2022). Research Ethics. StatPearls. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459281/
Hello,
This is a good post. It is clear that Max Clara’s contributions to research, especially in understanding the respiratory system are indisputable. However, judging his actions based on modern-day ethical principles and standards, Max Clara’s research violated all ethical principles of research involving human subjects. Modern medical and research ethics have much reshaped medical research and practices (Thakur & Lahiry, 2019). Therefore, before passing any moral judgments on the actions of researchers in the past decades, you must consider how past research experiences have shaped modern ethics. Max Clara’s actions, judged from modern-era ethics, are immoral, unethical, and illegal. However, such actions were legally permitted during his time as long as the research achieved notable results. From a personal take, regardless of the views of modern ethics, it is important to appreciate the findings of early research and only judge the researchers’ actions based on the ethical perspectives of the time of the research.
References
Thakur, S., & Lahiry, S. (2019). Research ethics in the modern era. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, 85(4), 351. https://doi.org/10.4103/IJDVL.IJDVL_499_18
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Question 
The Clara Cell Discussion Responses
Prompt: Read The Clara Cell: A “Third Reich Eponym”?, a scholarly article chronicling an ethical conflict from World War II.
Identify and describe both sides of the ethical conflict of the case, independent of what you believe is ethical or not. Explain what principles and standards Max Clara would have violated if his research had been subject to the APA Code of Ethics.